The Line Office Function

1. The Line Office Function CJUS 104 Part 2: Law Enforcement and Patrol Procedures

2. Public and private police A. Public police: federal, state, local - government employees - paid with taxes / work for us B. Private police: twice as many - security guards to private investigators - arrest powers = private citizen - mobile patrol/foot patrol/stationary - numbers growing = fear of crime - primary part of justice system

3. - state requirements - training requirements c. Major difference - public officers = obligated - police have a responsibility (1) Work closely with private police - give respect they deserve - necessary functions - life on line / pose a threat 2. Patrol function

4. A. Numerous duties - prepare physically/mentally - preparation on-going - physical = running /upper body - mental = education /training /more (1) Mental preparation = ½ hour prior - each shift = mind-set of officer - safety /security /training /precaution - know what to do in certain situations (2) Continues throughout shift - thinking of response types

5. - approach/cover/concealment (3) Leaving family environment - perspective /thinking /attitude - change = special family moments - argument with spouse B. Police personality - concentrate solely on the job - nothing interferes with mind-set - most dangerous /stressful professions - people trying to hurt /kill you

6. (1) Mental preparation - requires a time to unwind - after shift = time to relax - faced stress /anger / heartache - leave at work = don’t take job home 3. Preparing for patrol - familiar with three primary components - policies /laws /basic patrol procedures A. Department policies - each agency = own policies - administrator /government /public opinion

7. - similar regulations /policies - department policy manual - govern actions /functions - dress /hair /use of force / reports /meals - read and sign B. The law - know your legal rights - what is criminal (federal /state /local) - reasonable suspicion vs. probable cause - how far you go = making arrest - legalities of search and seizure

8. C. Basic patrol procedures - foundation = highly professional officer 4. Basic patrol procedures - techniques /skills /special ways A. Difference between: - stopping vehicle = knowing how to stop - arresting someone = safely making arrest - cover = concealment (1) Proper = officer safety /survival - safety increases = how often used

9. (2) Learn in classroom - only a base from which to build - street experience cannot be taught - experience = best teacher - involved /observing others = survival (3) Studies have shown: - few officers injured /killed - right way (a) Learn correct techniques - integrate with the law - similar methods /policies follow

10. B. Elements of patrol procedures (1) Prevention - conditions that breed crime - direct energies /resources to prevent (a) Community-based policing - involve public - know your there to assist (2) Detection - pro-active /aggressive - observation / info received

11. (3) Enforcement - law = basis for police authority - properly enforced = deterrent C. Techniques learned - apply to all officers - department size /jurisdiction / crime (1) Techniques work = be flexible - applying to each specific incident (2) Stop cars /respond to calls /back up / confront suspicious persons

12. (a) Worst attitude you can have - just a routine call - nothing ever happens - will never happen to me D. Information /techniques learned - many years of experience - thousands of officers (1) Numerous books /studies /schools - personal perspectives (2) Constant state of change

13. 5. The Patrol Division - backbone of state /county /city agency A. Patrol concept - traveling around a defined jurisdiction - observe /safety of persons /property - universal concept (1) First on the scene - expected to take control - law /procedure /conflict management (2) Closest contact with public

14. (3) High profile = uniform /vehicle - direct service - real and perceived needs (4) Initial investigator - primary service - all others = support for patrol - can be cut back / eliminated - best illustrated by small agency 6. Five primary objectives of patrol

15. A. Fundamental objective - protection and service (1) Police are public servants - protection of life /property (2) Have other duties /responsibilities B. Second objective - crime prevention (1) Crime = risk to great

16. - opportunity does not exist (2) Preventive /aggressive patrol - observing enforcement action - highly visible - checking suspicious persons /vehicles - security check of “hot spots” C. Third objective - regulating public conduct - traffic enforcement to criminal activity - taking action when necessary

17. D. Fourth objective - preservation of the peace (1) May involve dispute calls - domestic and neighborhood problems - bar or street fights /loud parties - landlord-tenant issues /barking dogs E. Final objective - arrest - positive option - aware /appreciative /help suspect

18. 7. Three general types of service calls - emergency /routine /courtesy A. Emergency = most demanding - in progress crimes /injury accidents (1) Most often, first on scene - uniform /authority = logical leader - split second decisions - must take control B. Routine = majority of police work

19. C. Courtesy = public relations - assist motorist /lockouts /house watch 8. Methods and types of patrol A. Vehicle patrol most widely used (1) Advantages - efficiency = speed /mobility - visibility as crime deterrent - availability of equipment - transportation = persons /property

20. (2) Disadvantages - lack of contact with public - inability to “blend in” (3) Type of vehicle - Chevrolet / Ford = police package - does vary (4-wheel drive, etc.) - equipment varies = shotgun /rifle / radio /computer - color /markings = no black and white B. Foot patrol

21. (1) Condensed populations /high crime areas / special events (a) Advantages - increased personal contact - deterrent effect - plainclothes = blend in - observation ability - increase in information (b) Disadvantages - mobility /fast response

22. - outnumbered - not cost effective C. Motorcycle patrol - 2 wheel: speed /ability for crowd control - 3 wheel: parking /traffic related work D. Miscellaneous patrol - motor scooter /bicycle /ATV / dirt bike - limited only by resource /imagination (1) Motor scooters = sport events /parade

23. (2) Bicycle - business district /sport events - faster than foot / silent (3) ATV (4-wheel drive) - rugged terrain /flood areas (4) Dirt bike - logging roads /trails - deter trespassers on dirt bikes E. K-9 patrol

24. - primarily: tracking /searching /drug sniff - assigned to patrol officer - usually available to assist other agencies F. Unmarked /plain clothes patrol - need for less visibility - problems = pursuits /transporting persons G. Other specialized patrol (1) Harbor patrol - responsible for waterways in city/co

25. - only rescues /patrol for crimes (2) Air patrol - helicopters to support patrol units - detection of /observation of crimes - airplanes = traffic enforcement (3) Horse patrol - inaccessible areas to vehicles - crowd control - provides better observation (height) - one officer for a horse

26. 9. One-person vs. two-person patrol - area of much controversy /opinion A. Some considerations - study = 47% all killed had backup - many calls not to be handled alone - risk present rushing to backup officer - two officers for “report taken” calls - best use of personnel (1) No option for 2-person patrols - one-person less costly

27. - one-person = faster response time (2) One-person patrol (a) Positive = depend on yourself - provide service you want to give (b) Negative = wait for backup - possibility = escape /assault (3) Two-person patrol

28. (a) Positive = observation greater - greater protection - share report writing /driving (b) Negative = become dependent - conversations = your attention PATROL PREPARTION • Inspection and maintenance - equipment and vehicle

29. A. Neglected equipment - malfunction /accident - maintenance should be automatic - thoroughly familiar with equipment (1) Department uniforms - tailored /clean = attention /authority - pride /demeanor - good condition - body armor = wear it - position of gun belt

30. (2) Handgun (revolver /automatic) - inspect /clean daily - clean ammunition /change 6 months (3) Batons - straight /side-handle /collapsible - proper condition (4) Flashlight - rechargeable /standard /mini-size - carry on all shifts

31. (5) Chemical irritant - mace spray = shake up - not play around with (6) Stun gun - insure fully charged - not play around with (7) Handcuffs - most abused police tool - work cuffs frequently

32. - when using = double lock - carry extra key (8) Miscellaneous equipment - notebook = very important - pens = waterproof /colored - chalk = mark items /outlines - knife = when necessary to cut items - footwear = good quality - gloves = cut off shooting finger - assigned vehicle = secured inside

33. B. Patrol vehicle - this is your office - stocked and secure (1) Thoroughly inspect - visual overview of exterior (2) Check all equipment - all lights - P.A system /audible signals - radios (mounted /handheld)

34. - computer system - mounted cameras C. Station preparation - e-mails /daily bulletin /bulletin board - computer = records checks /warrants - officers going off shift - dispatch 2. Personal Preparation - extremely important

35. A. Mental preparation - avoid occupying thoughts (family, etc.) (1) Preparation starts prior to shift - recall last shift - want to accomplish this shift (2) Treat each day = opportunity to learn - enhance your skills - investigative /community - communication skills

36. (3) Focus on positive - stimulate you mentally - solving crime /appreciation shown (4) Avoid locker room talk - gossip /rumors (5) Don’t enjoy your work - liability = self /family /other officers - signs of burnout = seek help - need mental state of readiness

37. B. Spiritual state - no matter what belief = come to grips - life and death issues on the job (1) Taking of a human life - very traumatic - resolve personal feelings /beliefs - any hesitation = loss of your life (2) Many officers have found: - faith carries them through

38. C. Physical preparation - must become a way of life (1) Regimen that you like - keep you alert /alive - combat /cope with stress - build confidence - it will communicate strength (2) Eating habits - don’t be = fast-food addict - donut shop cop

39. - never work on full stomach - eat small energy-producing foods - good diet becomes a way of life 3. Hiring process - want to be a cop A. Lifestyle - stay out of trouble /good driving record B. Preparation - education /physical fitness

40. C. Application process - basic forms D. Written exam - general knowledge - analytical ability E. Physical agility - run /sit-ups /pushups /obstacle course F. Oral interview = 3 or 4 person board

41. F. Background - family /friends /employers /neighbors G. Polygraph - be truthful H. Psychological - MMPI - interview I. Medical exam

42. J. Interview with chief /sheriff K. Job offer - field training officer L. Academy - 720 hours M. Field training officer N. Probation = one to two years