The Line Officer Function

1. The Line Officer Function CJUS 104 Part 10: Correctional Services

2. The American Correctional System - federal / state / local institutions - prisons / jails / detention centers A. Incarceration - one of the main forms of punishment - both felony / misdemeanor crimes (1) Largest prison population - 2012: 700 adults per 100,000 pop. - 2,266,800 incarcerated - 4,814,200 = parole / probation

3. (2) Juveniles - 70,792 = juvenile detention (3) Human Rights Watch – 2014 - tough on crime laws - filled with non-violent offenders B. State system - prisons / jails - bulk of corrections - over 700 facilities to house adults - some states only one state prison

4. - California / Texas / Illinois = ten or more (1) Prisons - maximum to minimum security (a) Washington State - 8 prisons = maximum / medium - minimum security - honor farms / half-way houses (2) Jails - city / county

5. - city jails = misdemeanor - county jails = misdemeanor / felony (a) Grays Harbor County - Aberdeen / Hoquiam - county jail = Montesano (b) City contracts with other city / county - hold prisoners for daily fee C. Federal system - five regions (CA / MO / TX / GA / PA

6. - 41 prisons / 12 community facilities (1) Prison directors = regional directors - report to director = Federal Bureau of (2) Large prisons - Atlanta / Leavenworth - IMU = Marion, Illinois (3) Metropolitan centers - high rise prisons - Burien, Washington

7. (4) Main problem with correctional centers - become more antisocial - exposure = more hardened criminals - problem inmates = segregated D. Levels of institutions - maximum / medium / minimum (1) Maximum - reflect revenge / incapacitation - high walls / armed guards / floodlights - dangerous / long-term offenders

8. (a) 150 facilities = 44% adult offenders - emphasis = custody - rehabilitation = name only (b) Washington = Walla Walla (2) Medium - more popular (a) 250 facilities = 44% adult offenders - replace maximum - Washington = Shelton / Stafford Ck

9. (b) Can resemble maximum - younger inmates / less dangerous - more emphasis on rehabilitation - more freedom of movement (3) Minimum - nonviolent / non-traditional offender - dormitory style / private rooms - 12% of adult population (a) No armed guards - counselors

10. (b) Allow work / education - home furlough / visitation trailor (c) Community based - honor camp / work camp - half-way house E. Jails - most important part - sheet number of inmates - 3,300 in USA = 275,000 inmates - 50% = awaiting trial

11. (1) First contact = justice system - difficult = reform measures - treatment / rehabilitation (2) Difficult = reform measures - money = local level - local politics - avoid state / federal reform laws - 40 to 1 ratio F. Rehabilitation programs - qualified staff = sufficient numbers

12. (1) Reoffending - 50% to 75% - depending on area (2) Society - want crooks locked-up - no rehabilitation programs - limited money (3) Effective programs - qualified staff - sufficient numbers

13. (4) Prison atmosphere - conducive for rehabilitation - officers must understand concepts - security comes first (5) Staff makes decisions - to eat / sleep / work (6) Staff conflicts - rehab = more freedom for inmates - corrections = more control - middle ground

14. G. Recent trends - privatization (1) Private companies operate - jails / prisons - several states already employ (2) Concerns - legal questions - quality of care = profit - how to monitor - show no abuse / favortism

15. H. Employment - testing / academy / training / assignment (1) Testing process - standards established - age / education / background (a) Application - 21 years = time of hire - meet requirements - fill out application truthfully - meet requirements

16. (b) Written exam - general knowledge - ability to become officer (c) Physical agility - running / sit-ups / pushups / etc. - not all agencies (d) Oral interview - panel of officers - specific questions - poise / answers

17. (e) Psychological exam - MMPI / ink blot - interview (f) Background investigation - contact family / friends / employers - check driving / criminal history - drug use = legal / illegal (2) Academy - varies from state to state - Washington State = CORE Academy

18. (a) Academy training - proper use of physical force - security management - professionalism - interpersonal communication - supervision, discipline, manipulation - inmate mental problems - booking and intake / fingerprinting - gangs / hostage survival - critical incident survival - practical law for corrections - report writing

19. (3) On-the-job training - assigned to training officer - set period of time - learn how to apply - various positions (4) Assignment - assigned to a living unit - working with other officers

20. 2. Probation / Parole Officers - local = city county probation = misdemeanors - state = probation / parole = felonies - alternatives to incarceration A. Probation officers (local) - monitor = city courts / district courts - supervised, conditional, revocable release (1) Requirements = vary among jurisdictions - four-year degree - pass testing process

21. - primary = oral interview (2) Certification - attend academy training courses - train with certified probation officer - 2000 hours = King County (varies) (3) Supervision - work programs / school programs - employment / housing / family - monitor behavior / treatment programs - intensive contact = limited contact

22. B. Community Corrections Officers - state probation / parole officers - felony convictions (1) State probation - felony conviction - state prison time / sentence stayed - local time / placed on probation (2) Conditions set - parole board - depending on conviction

23. (3) Monitored by PO - at home - at work - report to office C. Juvenile Probation / Parole (1) Local = county - juvenile probation / detention center - probation officers = monitor offenders - detention officers = oversee detainees - comes under superior court

24. (2) State probation / parole - monitors felons - contacts / office visits (3) Custodial facilities - Green Hill / Echo Glenn / etc. - detention officers