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The Articular System

The Articular System. Joint. Connection between two bones Joints allow motion Bear body weight Provides stability. Types of Joints. Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial. Fibrous joint. Has thin layer of periosteum between the bones e.g. – sutures of skull. 3 types of fibrous joints:

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The Articular System

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  1. The Articular System

  2. Joint • Connection between two bones • Joints allow motion • Bear body weight • Provides stability

  3. Types of Joints • Fibrous • Cartilaginous • Synovial

  4. Fibrous joint Has thin layer of periosteum between the bones e.g. – sutures of skull

  5. 3 types of fibrous joints: • Synarthrosis thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones no motion between bones • Syndesmosis great deal of fibrous tissue small amount of twisting or stretching e.g.- distal tibiofibularjint distal radio ulnar joint • Gomphosis between tooth & wall of its dental socket in mandible & maxilla

  6. Cartilaginous joint • Hyaline or fibrocartilage is present between bone surfaces Vertebral joints: disc of fibro cartilage directly connect bones 1st sternocostal joint: direct connection made by hyaline cartilage

  7. Synovial (diarthrodial) joint • No direct union between bone ends • Joint surfaces covered with hyaline (articular) cartilage • Outer layer of capsule by strong fobrous tissue

  8. Diarthroidal Joint Classification • Nonaxial • Uniaxial • Biaxial • Triaxial

  9. Nonaxial • Linear movement • Flat surfaces of bone glide over each other

  10. Uniaxial • Angular movement (hinge) • One plane around one axis

  11. Biaxial • Movement in 2 different directions allowed

  12. Triaxial(multiaxial) • Motion occurs at 3 axes

  13. Joint Structure • Bone • Ligament- bands of fibrous tissue • Hold ends of bones together • Flexible, but not elastic

  14. Joint Capsule • Surrounds • Protects • 2 layers: • Outer fibrous layer • Inner layer • Synovial membrane • Synovial fluid http://www.allaboutmydoc.com/surgeonweb/surgeonId.2729/clinicId.1432/theme.theme3/country.US/language.en/page.article/docId.20262

  15. Cartilage – 3 Types • Hyaline (articular) cartilage • Fibrocartilage • Meniscus • Intervertebral discs • Labrum • Elastic cartilage • Ear

  16. Tendon • Connects muscle to bone • Tendon sheaths • Aponeurosis • Flat tendinous sheet • Linea alba

  17. Bursa • Fluid filled sac • Located in areas of friction • Lined with synovial membrane • Natural vs. Acquired

  18. PLANES of the BODY • Sagittal plane • Divides body into left and right halves • Flexion/extension • Frontal plane • Divides body into front and back halves • Adduction/abduction • Transverse (Horizontal) plane • Divides body into top and bottom halves • Rotation • Cardinal Planes – divide the body equally

  19. Axis • Point through center of joint around which the body part rotates • Movement Occurs In a Plane, Around an Axis

  20. Sagittal axis • Frontal axis • Vertical axis

  21. Degrees of Freedom • Number of planes in which a joint can move • Uniaxial joint – one degree of freedom, motion at one axis • Biaxial joint – 2 degrees of freedom, motion at 2 axes • Triaxial joint – 3 degrees of freedom, motion at 3 axes

  22. Thank You

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