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Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology

Cornell Cooperative Extension. Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology. Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program. Swede Midge. Serious insect pest of cruciferous plants:

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Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology

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  1. Cornell Cooperative Extension Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program

  2. Swede Midge • Serious insect pest of cruciferous plants: • vegetables (i.e. broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, collards, swede/turnip, Asian vegetables (i.e. bok choy, etc.) • canola • weeds (i.e. shepherd’s purse, wild mustard) • Ornamental crucifers • Common and endemic in Europe: • Known since late 1800s • Major pest in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, France, Poland and Slovania

  3. Swede Midge in North America • 2000: first identification in Ontario, Canada (Hallett & Heal) • Symptoms observed at least since 1996, but erroneously attributed to a molybdenum deficiency • Economic losses occur in Canada and in parts of New York State: • up to 85% losses • Especially in organic and small-scale operations

  4. Swede Midge: Adult Adult male Adult female

  5. Swede midge: eggs Length: 0.3 mm Width: 0.08mm Deep in the youngest actively growing vegetative tissue

  6. Swede midge: larvae 0.3 to 3-4 mm

  7. Damage: Blind head, brown scarring at growing point broccoli

  8. Damage: Leaf puckering Green cabbage

  9. Damage: Leaf puckering broccoli

  10. Damage: Leaf puckering Red cabbage

  11. Damage: Leaf puckering cauliflower

  12. Damage: Multiple shoots, growing points broccoli

  13. Damage: Multiple small heads Red cabbage

  14. Damage: Brown corky scarring in head cauliflower

  15. Damage: Brown corky scarring in head broccoli

  16. Damage: Brown corky scarring in head Green cabbage

  17. Damage: Secondary soft rot

  18. Swede midge larvae in an infested growing tip

  19. Damage: Swollen Flower Buds

  20. Damage: Swollen Florets broccoli

  21. Swede midge damage in canola

  22. Swede midge damage on weeds Field pennycress

  23. Swede Midge Damage Severity Increases… • as number of larvae per plant increases • the earlier in development that the plant is infested • later in the season as the population builds • in sheltered areas near hedgerows, buildings, treelines Crucifers are susceptible to swede midge all season long

  24. Swede Midge Life Cycle Eggs ~0.3 mm Transparent to creamy white 2-50 eggs/cluster 100 eggs /female Soil Mating 1-5 days 3 days drought moisture Adults ~1.5 to 2 mm 4-5 over-lapping generations Larvae ~0.3 to 3-4 mm Transparent on first hatch to yellow when mature, feed gregariously at plant growing tip 21-44 days per generation Emerge mid-May 7-21 days 7-14 days Pupae ~2-4 mm most within top 2 cm of soil, Optimum 25-75% soil moisture for emergence Overwintering Cocoons Survive in soil > 1 year May-June July July-August August Sept - Oct Pre-pupae

  25. 2006 Swede Midge Trap Activity – Ontario, Canada J. Allen, M. Paibomesai and H. Fraser, 2006

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