1 / 13

Understanding the Basics of Organic Chemistry: Carbon, Molecules, and Macromolecules

Dive into the essential concepts of organic chemistry, centered around carbon's unique bonding capabilities. Explore how carbon forms strong covalent bonds with oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrogen—creating diverse molecules like H2O and NaCl. Learn about key vocabulary terms such as molecules, monomers, polymers, and macromolecules, alongside examples like glucose and DNA. Discover the four main categories of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, each with distinct structures and functions in living organisms.

rebecca-chen
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding the Basics of Organic Chemistry: Carbon, Molecules, and Macromolecules

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organic Chemistry

  2. Organic Chemistry • All about CARBON!!!! • 4 electrons available and ready to bond • Carbon also likes to bond with other Carbon • this makes carbon chains!

  3. Organic Chemistry • Forms strong bonds (covalent) with • Oxygen (2) • Hydrogen (1) • Sulfur (3) • Nitrogen (3) • Because Carbon is so versatile and strong it is often called a “carbon backbone” • Two or more atoms make a molecule • H2O • NaCl

  4. Organic Chemistry • Vocab: • Molecule: when two or more atoms bond • Ex: H2O & NaCl • Monomer: small groups of molecules that bond with other groups of molecules • Ex: Glucose & Fructose • Polymer: Several monomers bonded together • Ex: Starch & DNA • Macromolecule: several polymers bonded together • Ex: Carbohydrates & Lipids • Images from the following websites: • MOLECULE: (http://www.materialssciencerocks.com/hydrogen-bonding-what-holds-everything-together/ ) • Monomer(http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmoodle.esu13.org%2Fmod%2Fassignment%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D51639&h=0&w=0&tbnid=4YNbW_nCENZSzM&zoom=1&tbnh=192&tbnw=262&docid=mwlIO-E0II8TiM&tbm=isch&ei=ecMkVLGgB5KZyATB0IDICg&ved=0CAQQsCUoAA ) • Polymer (http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm ) • Macromolecule (http://galleryhip.com/dna-macromolecule.html )

  5. Organic Chemistry Four Main Categories • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids Image from: http://www.haspi.org/curriculum-library/Med-Bio-Core-Labs/00%20NEW%20NGSS%20Med%20Bio%20Labs%20COMPLETE/07%20Teacher%20-%20Macromolecules.pdf

  6. Carbohydrates • Made of: • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Monomer: monosaccharide • Ex: Glucose & Fructose • Polymer: Polysaccharide • Ex: Starch • Functions: easy/short term energy storage • Image from: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/11/misconceptions-surrounding-carbohydrates/

  7. Lipids • Made of: • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Monomer: Glycerol & Fatty Acids • Functions: long term energy storage, cell structure and cell-to-cell communication • Image from: http://chemistrypictures.org/index.php/lipids

  8. Lipids • Energy Storage • Ex: Fats & Oils • Lots of potential energy in the fatty acid tails • Long-term energy storage, but harder to break down than carbs • Image from: http://weloveteaching.com/0bio105/lectures/organics/Lipids.jpg

  9. Lipids • Nonpolar (don’t dissolve in water) • Cell Structure: • Phospholipids • Hydrophilic (water loving) head • Hydrophobic tail (water fearing) • Creates a bilayer  cell membranes!!! • Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg/300px-Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg

  10. Lipids • Cell-to-cell communication Steroids!! • Cholesterol • Response to stress • Ring shaped • Image from: • Cholesterol: http://elitemensguide.com/emg-health-numbers-hdl-cholesterol-and-ldl-cholesterol/ • Steroid structure https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQ7POqWcDhvCcJ0j4QNEbSJabO-zHEqZkCcyVr5jqLHXlPrfqC

  11. Proteins • Made of: • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Monomer: Amino Acids • Polymer: Proteins • Functions: Cell regulation, control rate of reaction, and helping build bone & muscle • Images from: • Structure http://amit1b.wordpress.com/the-molecules-of-life/about/ • Food: http://livehealthyosu.com/tag/caffeine/

  12. Nucleic Acids • Made of: • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Phosphorous • Monomer: Nucleotide • Polymer: DNA & RNA!!! • Image from: http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/81/dna-and-rna.png

  13. Nucleic Acids • Function: Store and transmitting (passing on) genetic information! • Image from: http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/1x6057874/human_baby_dna_helix__genetic_sequences_artwork_g340052.jpg

More Related