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2-4 The Race for Empires

2-4 The Race for Empires. Pgs 52-57. What was the Protestant Reformation?. EVENTS IN EUROPE Protestant Reformation 1517 (Germany) Martin Luther Publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church Church too wealthy and abused its power

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2-4 The Race for Empires

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  1. 2-4 The Race for Empires Pgs 52-57

  2. What was the Protestant Reformation?

  3. EVENTS IN EUROPE Protestant Reformation • 1517 (Germany) Martin Luther • Publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church • Church too wealthy and abused its power • Religious movement began in small German towns but quickly spread to most of Europe • Create political disputes • Protestants – reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church’s practices • Religion should be simple

  4. Printing press spread Reformations ideas • Bible’s, essays • Allowed independent study • Conflict between Catholics and Protestants • Civil war • 1500s French Catholics vs. French Huguenots (protestant) = Huguenots emigrated to Americas • Religious freedom • 1534 Church of England created by Henry the VIII • Challenged Popes authority

  5. What happened in the war between Spain and England during the 1500s?

  6. Spain and England Go to War • 1500s King Philip II of Spain led Catholic Reformation in response to the Protestant Reformation • Goal: Drive the Protestants out of England • Sea Dogs = English sailors led by Sir Francis Drake • Spanish Armada – huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans

  7. Invade England Overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church • 1588 Smaller English fleet defeated the Armada • Shocked Spain • Spain’s economy is in trouble • Ends Spain’s dominance of the sea

  8. Who searched for the Northwest Passage? Were they successful?

  9. Search for a Northwest Passage • Northwest Passage – water route through NA that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific • John Cabot – Sailed for England (1497-1498) • Basis for the English American colonies • Giovanni da Verrazano – 1524 (Italy) • Coasts of North Carolina to Maine

  10. Jacques Cartier (France) • St. Lawrence River • Land claimed for France • Henry Hudson (England) 1609 • Found NY • 1st trip he sailed for the Dutch and the 2nd for the English • Hudson Bay

  11. What was the earliest English Settlement? Was it successful? Why?

  12. EUROPEAN PRESENCE • Spain and Portugal dominated Americas early • England, France, and Dutch explored NA

  13. English Presence in the New World • 1500s set up permanent settlements • Sir Walter Raleigh • Charter – document that gives permission to start a colony • 1584 expedition landed in present day Virginia and North Carolina

  14. Roanoke Island founded in NC in 1585 • Hard life – fought with Native Americans, trouble finding and growing food • 1 year later returned to England • John White resettled in 1587, returned to England for supplies but war with Spain prevented him from returning for 3 years. When he did colony was deserted • “lost colony”

  15. What were the earliest French Settlements?

  16. French Presence in the New World • 1st NA settlement was Florida (1564) • Destroyed by Spanish • Settled Present Day Canada • Samuel de Chaplain • Followed Cartier • 1608 colony on the St. Lawrence River in Quebec for fur trade

  17. 1600s New France • Fur traders, explorers, missionaries • Mississippi River – Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette (1673) • Mississippi Valley claimed for France called Louisiana • 1700s New Outposts • Detroit, St. Louis, New Orleans • 12000 settlers • Allied with Native Americans because of Fur Trades

  18. What were the earliest Dutch settlements like?

  19. Dutch Presence in the New World • Dutch were searching for trade • Claimed the land between the Delaware River and the Hudson River = New Netherlands • 1624Dutch West India Company • Bought Manhattan Island for $24 • New Amsterdam • Religious freedom • New Sweden in the same area along the Delaware River – later became part of New Netherlands

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