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Psychology of Learning EXP4404

Psychology of Learning EXP4404. Chapter 12: The Limits of Learning Dr. Steve. Topics Covered. Physical Characteristics Nonheritability of Learned Behavior Heredity and Learning Ability Neurological Damage and Learning Critical Periods Preparedness and Learning. Limits of Learning.

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Psychology of Learning EXP4404

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  1. Psychology of LearningEXP4404 Chapter 12: The Limits of Learning Dr. Steve

  2. Topics Covered • Physical Characteristics • Nonheritability of Learned Behavior • Heredity and Learning Ability • Neurological Damage and Learning • Critical Periods • Preparedness and Learning

  3. Limits of Learning • Is behavior instinctual or learned through experience? • Some suggest that “lower” animals act mostly by instinct, but “higher” animals act mostly through learning • Some animals have more limitations as to what they can learn than do others due to biological/physical constraints

  4. Limits of Learning • Interchangeable Parts Assumption (IPA) –

  5. Limits of Learning • Physical Characteristics • Chimpanzees and Gorillas cannot learn to talk, but can learn to use sign language (see Washoe or Koko)

  6. Nonheritability of Learned Behaviors • Lamarck • McDougall

  7. Heredity and Learning Ability • Learned behaviors cannot be passed down to next generation, but ability to learn can • (see Idiocracy) • Tryon (1940) • Wolf vs Dog pups

  8. Neurological Damage and Learning

  9. Critical Periods • Critical Periods • Imprinting

  10. Critical Periods • Imprinting distinct from learning in that: • Imprinting has . . . • Only certain kinds of stimuli • No practice required • Extinction & punishment are . . .

  11. Preparedness and Learning • Seligman (1970) • Instinctive drift • Sets limits on learning • Revert back to innate tendencies

  12. Preparedness and Learning • Behaviors may be easy or difficult to learn depending on . . . Contra- Prepared Highly Prepared Neutral Taste Aversions Bar Pressing Raccoon Trick Dog Not Wagging Tail SSDRs

  13. Preparedness and Learning • Olton • Rats perform well, pigeons do not

  14. Preparedness and Learning • Garcia Effect • Garcia tested • Principles of taste aversion Saccharine + lights + Noise (CS) X-radiation or Shock (US) Predisposition to associate taste (rather than external cues) with sickness

  15. Preparedness and Learning • Why are some responses more easily associated with some stimuli than others?

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