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Psychology of Learning EXP4404

Psychology of Learning EXP4404. Chapter 9: Observational Learning Dr. Steve. Topics Covered. Observational Learning Defined Observational Learning vs. Imitation Generalized Imitation Variables Affecting Observational Learning Theories of Observational Learning

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Psychology of Learning EXP4404

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  1. Psychology of LearningEXP4404 Chapter 9: Observational Learning Dr. Steve

  2. Topics Covered • Observational Learning Defined • Observational Learning vs. Imitation • Generalized Imitation • Variables Affecting Observational Learning • Theories of Observational Learning • Applications and Interpretations • Mirror Neurons

  3. Observational Learning • Observational (Vicarious) Learning – • Vicarious Reinforcement • Vicarious Punishment

  4. Observational Learning • Herbert & Harsh (1944)

  5. Observational Learning • Rosekrans & Hartup (1967) – • Pre-school children watched as an adult bopped a bobo doll on the head with a mallet and made comments such as, “I’ll knock your head off.” • Another adult either praised or criticized the model

  6. Observational Learning vs. Imitation • Observational learning can occur without imitation • Generalized Imitation

  7. Variables Affecting Observational Learning • Consequences of Model’s Behavior • Hirata & Morimura (2000) Consequences of Observer’s Behavior

  8. Variables Affecting Observational Learning • Characteristics of the Model – Observers are more likely to learn from model when the model is perceived as: Observers more like to imitate models that are:

  9. Variables Affecting Observational Learning • Observer’s Age – “It depends” • Levy • Lonsdorf • Coates & Hartup • Kawamura

  10. Theories of Observational Learning • Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory – Observational learning involves 4 processes: • Attentional Processes • Retentional Processes • Motor Reproductive Processes • Motivational Processes

  11. Theories of Observational Learning • Miller-Dollard Reinforcement Theory – • Imitated behaviors were only repeated if • Potential problems:

  12. Applications of Observational Learning • Foraging • Kawamura • Sherry & Galef • Gaudet & Fenton

  13. Applications of Observational Learning • Crime and Television • Bandura’s bobo doll studies found that children were more likely to play aggressively after watching adult on video act aggressively

  14. Theories of Observational Learning • Mirror Neuron

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