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Citing Sources

Citing Sources. Public. What’s the difference?. Citing or Citation : Orally telling—or providing on the PowerPoint slide--the expertise and name of the source. “According to intercultural communication scholar J. Neuliep. . .”

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Citing Sources

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  1. Citing Sources Public Persuasive Speaking

  2. What’s the difference? • Citing or Citation: Orally telling—or providing on the PowerPoint slide--the expertise and name of the source.“According to intercultural communication scholar J. Neuliep. . .” • Referencing or Reference: Giving full source information so a listener can find the source in the library. Neuliep, J. W. (2003). Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. (2nd ed.) Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Persuasive Speaking

  3. Ethics • Make sure your goals are ethically sound • Use ethical methods to communicate your ideas • Orally cite the sources of all information and ideas. Persuasive Speaking

  4. USE SOLID EVIDENCE • Use high quality evidence • Use evidence from credible sources • Make clear the source of the evidence. Persuasive Speaking

  5. Oral citing examples from your Lucas text (Chapter 6) • “According to the American Red Cross Web pages, where I obtained an enormous amount of information, in the United States alone someone undergoes a blood transfusion once every three seconds. . .” • “Karen Nakamura states in the online Deaf Resources Library that American Sign Language. . . “ Persuasive Speaking

  6. Citing is saying the source of information. • Even if you, as the speaker, have expertise on the topic, you build your credibility by citing the words and ideas of other experts. Persuasive Speaking

  7. The oral speech is unlike the written report because listeners cannot see your reference list while you talk. • So, you will want to explain the position or expertise of the person giving the testimony. • "According to psychologist William Stephenson. . . " • "In the words of the well-known writer in education, Kozol said:" Persuasive Speaking

  8. Give Up-to-Date Information You can say something like this: • "Last year, ________ was quoted in an article in ____________ journal that . . . ." Persuasive Speaking

  9. Select Multiple EBSCO SourcesAcademic Search & MasterFILE Premier Persuasive Speaking

  10. Persuasive Speaking

  11. "In a Town & Country article, Stephen Young explained how our nonverbal listening behavior can make or break a career: • Whenever I spoke up during a meeting, I noticed a blank expression on her face, a look of indifference, with the droopy eyes and slow blinks that she reserved just for me. After a while, I also noticed that my comments never prompted the nods of agreement or understanding that she gave to my colleagues. Any attempt I might have made to verbalize my observations of her body language would have sounded almost silly. So there was nothing to fix, because there was nothing I could address. Still, those small slights left me feeling as though she did not hold me in very high regard. (p. 82) Persuasive Speaking

  12. Ethnically, you need to be extremely careful that you stay true to the person you are quoting or paraphrasing. Persuasive Speaking

  13. ReferencesA reference is the full information about the source. In APA every reference must be cited in the speech. • Berenbaum, D., & Larkin, T. (2007, September 17). Four success factors for making a great impression. Fairfield County Business Journal, 46(38), 19-19. • Crutcher, B. (2007, December). Mentoring Across Cultures. Education Digest, 73(4), 21-25. • Mawhinney, T., & Sagan, L. (2007, February). The Power of Personal Relationships. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(6), 460-464. • Miklosi, J. (2007, Summer2007). Respecting, listening, and empowering: Three vital factors for increasing civic engagement in American teenagers. National Civic Review, 96(2), 36-41. Persuasive Speaking

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