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Carbon, symbol C, is a crucial element with atomic number 6 and atomic weight 12.0107. It belongs to group 14 and period 2 of the periodic table. Carbon exists in various forms, including graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Graphite, with its layered structure, is extensively used in industries, especially for pencil production. Diamonds serve as valuable gemstones and are utilized in cutting tools. The element is sourced from organic materials like limestone and dolomite, and from inorganic sources like coal and natural gas. Understanding carbon's diverse applications is essential in many fields.
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CARBON Radka Bachratá Tereza Halasová
The essentials • Name: carbon • Symbol: C • Atomic number: 6 • Atomic weight: 12.0107 • Group number: 14 • Period number: 2 • Block: p-block
Sources of carbon Organic Limestone CaCO3 Dolomite CaCO3.MgCO3 Magnezite MgCO3 Anorganic Coal Natural gas Crude oil crude – surový
Modification – graphit • Graphite has a structure containing layers of atoms arranged at the corners of contiguous hexagons. The ease with which layers slide against each other is consistent with the much larger distance between carbon atoms in different layers (335 pm) than between carbon atoms in the same layer (142 pm). contiguous – sousedící ease – snadnost
Modification – diamond • A diamond structure has a face-centered cubic arrangement of atoms plus more atoms (of the same element) in half of the tetrahedral holes. If the atoms in the tetrahedral holes are different, the zinc blende structure results. zinc blende – sfalerit
Modification – fullerens • In the 1980s scientists characterized a new set of allotropes of carbon in which a large number of carbon atoms join to make a structure resembling the stitching on a soccer ball. The molecule C60 is the most easily prepared of these allotropes and has been extensively studied. This structure and that of C70 appear below. resembling – podobný; stitching – šití; soccer – fotbalový
Use • Graphit has wide useage in industry a specialy in production of pencils. • Another important use is in chemical matallurgy. • Natural diamonds are used for manufacturing of the most valuable jewels. • Manmade diamonds are components of cutting tools.
