460 likes | 855 Vues
Hazard Identification and Control. Courtesy of the Public Education and Conferences Section Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA). IDENTIFYING HAZARDS. It takes a hazard and someone exposed to the hazard to produce an accident. Hazard + Exposure a Accident.
E N D
Hazard Identification and Control Courtesy of the Public Education and Conferences Section Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA)
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS It takes a hazard and someone exposed to the hazard to produce an accident. Hazard + Exposurea Accident
What is “Exposure?” • How close are you to the "danger zone"? • Physical exposure - generally arm’s length • Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.
Conditions and behaviors are just the symptoms • They are specific: if you can point to a person or a thing, it's a surface symptom • They may exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere • They may directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident • They likely represent the outputs of a flawed safety management system • They are important clues revealing root causes
3 • Conditions account for _____ % of all workplace accidents. • Behaviors account for _____ % of all workplace accidents. • Uncontrollable acts account for ____ % of all workplace accidents. 95 2 Conclusion: Management has some degree of control over 98% of the causes for all accidents in the workplace!
The underlying root causes must be diagnosed and treated! • System Design Defects - Missing or inadequate program development • One or more inadequate policies, plans, programs, processes, procedures, practices • Inadequate resources - money, time, people, materials, etc. • Assures inadequate implementation of the safety management system • Have the greatest positive or negative impact on the safety management system
System Performance Defects - Failure to accomplish action plans • Managers, supervisors, or employees fail to effectively carry out safety policies, plans, processes, procedures or management practices • They produce common hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors, or • They produce repeated unique hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors
Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards 1 Inspections • How to develop an effective safety and health checklist. • Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace. • Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace. • Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.
Who's involved in the inspection process? What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process? What process(es) can we use to overcome this weakness?
2 Observation • Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety. • Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.
3 • The Job Hazard Analysis • The process... • Break a job or task into specific steps. • Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices. • Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards. • Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).
Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process?
Inspect to identify potential accidents Struck-by Struck-against Contact-by Contact-with Caught-on Caught-in Caught-between Fall-To-surface Fall-To-below Over-exertion Bodily reaction Over-exposure
Weed out the causes of injuries and accidents Direct Cause of Injury Surface Causes Root Causes
Direct Cause of injury-A harmful transfer of energy that produces injury or illness. • Surface Causes of accident - Specifichazardous conditions or unsafe behaviors that result in an accident. • Root Causes of the accident - Common behaviors and conditions that ultimately result in an accident.
Analyze to Determine Risk • Probability • Unlikely to Certain • Severity • Other than serious - • Serious physical harm - • Death -
Factors that increase risk • The number of employees exposed; • The frequency and duration of exposure; • The proximity of employees to the point of danger; • Potential severity of the injury or illness • Factors that require work under stress; • Factors that increase severity; • Lack of proper training and supervision or improper workplace design; or • Other factors which may significantly affect the degree of probability of an accident occurring.
What’s the Bottom Line on Accident costs? Total Claims: 25,662 Average Cost: $11,678 Fatalities Average Cost: $300,000
CONTROLLING HAZARDS Hazard + Exposure a Accident • 1. Engineering Controls - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities
Hazard + Exposurea Accident • 2. Management Controls - Attempt to limit exposure to hazards.
Why are engineering control considered to be superior to work practice or administrative controls?
If it isn’t in writing…it didn’t get done… • DOCUMENT TRAINING! • Sample training certification for specific tasks • Trainee certification • Trainer certification • Supervisor validation
Personal Protective Equipment • What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers? • Interim measures
Effective Maintenance Processes • Two equipment maintenance programs • 1. Preventive Maintenanceto make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly. • 2. Corrective Maintenanceto make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly. • How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?
What’s the Bottom Line on Accident costs? Total Claims: 25,662 Average Cost: $11,678 Fatalities Average Cost: $300,000