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International Diplomacy

International Diplomacy. International College Khon Kaen University Week 3 – Institutions of Diplomacy (1) - The Foreign Ministry and Diplomatic Missions. Institutions of Diplomacy. The three sets of diplomatic institutions: Diplomatic machinery of individual governments

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International Diplomacy

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  1. International Diplomacy International College KhonKaen University Week 3 – Institutions of Diplomacy (1) - The Foreign Ministry and Diplomatic Missions

  2. Institutions of Diplomacy • The three sets of diplomatic institutions: • Diplomatic machinery of individual governments • Intergovernmental organizations • The agreements and conventions between countries relating to diplomatic practice • The diplomatic machinery of each individual government consists of: • Its Ministry (or Department) of Foreign Affairs • Its network of diplomatic missions in other countries

  3. Institutions of Diplomacy • In addition to the machinery of individual governments, governments working closely with other governments form: • Regional inter-governmental organizations, eg. ASEAN, ADB, Mekong Institute, … • Global (multilateral) inter-governmental organizations, eg. the United Nations, WHO, IMF, … • Employees of these inter-governmental organizations are also diplomats and carry out a similar range of duties as country diplomats

  4. Institutions of Diplomacy • The third set of institutions of international diplomacy are the agreements, treaties, conventions and protocols which governments have signed to regulate relations between them • These agreements can be bilateral (only two parties to the agreement), regional or global

  5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs • The Ministry is always located in the country’s capital city • It receives its instructions from the Minister of Foreign Affairs (a political position) • Vice Ministers, Deputy Ministers and Associate Ministers of Foreign Affairs may be political appointees, or senior officials • All other positions in the Ministry are filled by officials

  6. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Structure • Is headed by the most senior foreign affairs official, whose title may be: • The Secretary of Foreign Affairs • The Permanent Secretary of Foreign Affairs • The Chief Executive • The next tier of managers generally have the title of Deputy Secretary, then Assistant Secretary

  7. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Structure • Most ministries are divided into departments, or divisions • These are generally allocated geographical responsibilities (Southeast Asia, North Asia, Europe) or functional responsibilities (Protocol, Disarmament, Legal) • These departments or divisions are then further broken down into units or sections

  8. OrganisationChart Minister of Foreign Affairs Office of the Minister Permanent Secretary Deputy Permanent Secretary overseeing Foreign Service Support Deputy Permanent Secretary overseeing Bilateral Relations Deputy Permanent Secretary overseeeing Multilateral Relations Deputy Permanent Secretary overseeing Administration Department of International Economic Affairs (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Economic Information Div. (3) International Economic Policy Div. (4) Economic Relations and Cooperation Div. Departmentof International Organisations (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Social Div. (3) Development Affairs Div. (4) International Organisations’ Administrative Affairs Div. (5) Peace, Security and Disarmament Div. Department of Information (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Press Div. (3) News Div. (4) Cultural Relations Div. (5) Broadcasting Div. Department of Consular Affairs (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Protection of Thai Nationals Abroad Div. (3) Visa & Travel Documents Div. (4) Legalisation Div. (5) Passport Div. Department South Asian, Middle-East and African Affairs (1) Dept. Secretariat (2)South Asian Div. (3) Middle East Div. (4) Africa Div. (5) Central Asia Group Office of Permanent Secretary (1) General Affairs Division (2) Human Capital Management Bureau (3) Finance Management Bureau (4) Asset Procurement and Management Bureau (5) Archives and Library Division (6) Information and Communications Technology Centre (7) Devawongse Varopakarn Institute of Foreign Affairs (8) Office of Policy and Planning - International Security Unit (9) Thailand’s Missions Abroad Department of East Asian Affairs (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Division 1 (3) Division 2 (4) Division 3 (5) Division 4 Department of American and South Pacific Affairs (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) North America Div. (3) Latin America Div. (4) South Pacific Div. Department of European Affairs (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Division 1 (EC &Western Europe) (3) Division 2 (Northern & Southern Europe) (4) Division 3 (Central &Eastern Europe) Department of Protocol (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Protocol Div. (3) Reception Div. (4) Diplomatic Privilege and Immunity Div. Department of Treaties and Legal Affairs (1) Dept. Secretary (2) Legal Affairs Div. (3)Treaty Div. (4) Boundary Div. (5) Int’l Laws Development Div. Department of ASEAN Affairs (1) Dept. Secretariat (2) Division 1 (3) Division 2 (4) Division 3 (5) Division 4 Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency

  9. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Functions • To implement the government’s foreign policy • To give advice to the government on the whole range of foreign policy issues • To promote and protect the country’s interests around the world, including: • political relations • economic and trade affairs • security • social and cultural affairs • the country’s reputation (prestige)

  10. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Functions • To promote a good image of the country • To protect the rights and safety of the country’s citizens when traveling, working or living overseas • In some countries, the ministry also has responsibility for: • Managing the country’s program of official development assistance • Issuing passports to citizens

  11. Diplomatic Missions • A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one state, or an inter-governmental organization, representing that state in another state • A diplomatic mission is most often used to describe a permanent office in another country, but can be an official or group of officials who are visiting another country

  12. Permanent Missions • The most common name for a permanent mission (office in another country) is an Embassy • But a permanent mission of one Commonwealth country in another Commonwealth country (the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Singapore, Malaysia…) is called a High Commission

  13. Permanent Missions • An Embassy is headed by an Ambassador • A High Commission is headed by a High Commissioner • Embassies and High Commissions are almost always located in capital cities, as their “business” is with the central government of the country where they are located

  14. Permanent Missions • There are three main types of permanent diplomatic mission which are not located in a capital city: • Consulate-General • Consulate • Permanent Mission to an intergovernmental organization • A Consulate-General is headed by a Consul-General, and a Consulate by a Consul

  15. Permanent Missions • The role of Consulates-General and Consulates is to assist citizens and businesses from the home country, and to issue visas for visitors wanting to visit their country • Consulates-General and Consulates have a defined territorial responsibility: sometimes just one province, sometimes a wider area

  16. Permanent Missions • Permanent Missions are offices responsible for managing a country’s relationship with an important intergovernmental organization • Almost all the UN’s 192 members have a Permanent Mission in New York, and many also in Geneva, to handle their country’s relationship with the United Nations • Permanent Missions are headed by a Permanent Representative (to the UN, etc)

  17. (Not) Permanent Missions • A government may have a range of other offices in another country, but these do not have an official government-to-government (diplomatic) role • The following are not permanent diplomatic missions: • A trade promotions office • A tourism promotions office • A cultural centre, like the British Council, Goethe Institute or Alliance Francais

  18. Diplomatic Rank • In a permanent diplomatic mission, the ranking of diplomatic officials is as follows: • Ambassador (or High Commissioner or Permanent Representative) • Minister • Counsellor • First Secretary • Second Secretary • Third Secretary • Attache

  19. Diplomatic Rank • In a consulate-general or consulate the ranking of officials is as follows: • Consul-General • Consul • Attache • In addition to these diplomatic or consular officials, permanent missions employ support staff as receptionists, clerks, drivers, cleaners, etc, who may be locally recruited

  20. Diplomatic Rank • Most of the diplomatic officials in embassies and consulates are employees of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the home country, except for attaches • Attaches are most often officials from home government departments other than the Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Thus we often see military attaches, police attaches, tourism attaches and trade commissioners attached to both embassies and consulates

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