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Ch. 10—Agriculture

Ch. 10—Agriculture. KI 3: Where are Agricultural regions in MDCs?. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming. Most common form of agriculture in United States west of Appalachians and in Europe Most crops are used to feed animals, use animals to improve soil fertility

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Ch. 10—Agriculture

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  1. Ch. 10—Agriculture KI 3: Where are Agricultural regions in MDCs?

  2. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming • Most common form of agriculture in United States west of Appalachians and in Europe • Most crops are used to feed animals, use animals to improve soil fertility • Most land is dedicated to cultivation of crops, but most animals produce the $$$$ • United States—corn is most common crop (higher yields per area) • Most is fed to pigs and cattle • “Corn Belt” from Ohio to the Dakotas • Soy Beans are 2nd most popular crops • http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2012/08/27/corn-drought/

  3. CT’D • use crop rotation • Allows use of entire farming area 24/7 • Two-field crop rotation was invented in Europe in the 5th century

  4. Dairy Farming • Most important form of agriculture near major urban areas of Northeast U.S., Southeast Canada, and Northwest Europe • Rapid growth of cities increased demand for milk in urban areas—high incomes allowed urban residents to pay for the “luxury”

  5. Dairy Farming • For most of 20th century, MDCs produced most of world’s milk • in 1980, LDCs produced on 26% of world’s milk—produced 51% in 2007 • India is world’s largest milk producer • Name top 5 • Dairy farms must be closer to their markets because of transportation factors • Milkshed—ring surrounding city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling (roughly 300 miles in MDCs today)

  6. Dairy Farming • Dairy farms also sell products to butter and cheese manufacturers • Ex. Most milk in Wisconsin is processed, whereas most milk in Pennsylvania is sold to consumers. Why? • Countries specialize as well • New Zealand is world’s largest per capita dairy producer, only 5% is sold as liquid milk • In U.K, over 50% is sold as milk • Why? • Problems • Labor intensive, expensive feed during winter

  7. Grain Farming • Grain is a seed from various grasses (wheat, corn, oat, barley, etc.) • Grain farming is different that mixed crop and livestock farming because grain farms grow grain for consumption by humans • Farmers sell grains to consumers, and manufacturers of food products (breakfast cereals and snack food makers) • Wheat is world’s leading export crop • United States and Canada account for about 50% of wheat exports (world’s “breadbasket”)

  8. Grain Farming • U.S is world’s largest commercial grain producer • Grain farming is usually found in areas to dry for mixed crop and livestock (Canada, Argentina, Australia, Western Europe) • In U.S • Winter-wheat belt (Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma) • Spring-wheat belt (Dakotas, Montana, Southern Canada) • Parts of Washington State • Relies heavily on Machinery—McCormick reaper invented in 1830s led to large scale wheat production

  9. Livestock Ranching • Commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area • Read together pg. 326-327

  10. Mediterranean Agriculture • Exists around Mediterranean sea, California, parts of South Africa, Chile, and Australia • Moist and moderate winters, hot dry summers, lack of flat land • Crops are grown for human consumption • Horticulture—the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers—is the base of Mediterranean agriculture • Two huge cash crops—Grapes and Olives • 2/3s of world’s wine is produced in countries that boarder the Med. Sea (Spain, France, Italy) • Cereals (for pasta and bread) are also very important in Mediterranean Region

  11. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming • Huge in Southeast of U.S • Also called “truck farming” • Grow fruits and veggies demanded by developed societies • Sold directly to consumers and to manufacturers for canning and freezing • Very mechanized • Farms usually specialize in one or two crops

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