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ELECTRIFYING TRANSPORTATION

ELECTRIFYING TRANSPORTATION. WALT EAGER. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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ELECTRIFYING TRANSPORTATION

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  1. ELECTRIFYINGTRANSPORTATION WALTEAGER

  2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The bottom line is that anyone who drives 12,000 miles per year will save from $500 to $1300 each year by driving an electric vehicle, charged at home, rather than a comparable internal combustion engine vehicle. When nearly all Americans have eliminated their dependence on foreign oil at the current cost of $360 billion per year, our economy will improve, our income taxes & national debt will fall because we will no longer be engaged in resource wars. Our health will improve and healthcare costs will decrease because there will be less atmospheric pollution.

  3. PRESENTATION SCOPE

  4. WHO? WHY? WHAT? HOW? WHEN?

  5. WHO? OUR BUSINESSES OUR GOVERNMENT WE, THE PEOPLE

  6. WHO KILLED THE ELECTRIC TRAM?

  7. In 1949, Firestone Tire, Standard oil of California, Phillips Petroleum, General Motors and Mack Trucks were convicted of conspiring to monopolize the sale of buses and related products to local transit companies controlled by National City Lines and other companies;…The verdicts were upheld on appeal in 1951.[n 9] The corporations involved were fined only $5000.

  8. Clearly, the profits from their violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act greatly exceeded their fines. Therefore, our government representatives failed to represent us! Such corrupt behavior has been repeated many times. Malfeasance caused the recent financial crisis that nearly became a depression.

  9. During the Academy for Lifelong Learning’s Fall term Cliff Trow showed & led the discussion of the DVD, “Howard Zinn – You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train”. We learned that we, the people, are responsible for whether our businesses & our government representatives perform in our interests or only their own.

  10. OUR BUSINESSES OUR GOVERNMENT WE, THE PEOPLE

  11. As symbolized above, we are the foundation of our democracy. If we continue to rest on our oars, “special interests” will take precedence to our detriment. So it is essential that we do the following to get our government and major corporations back on a democratic track:

  12. BUSINESSES & WE, THE PEOPLE • Recognize businesses’ constraints. • Understand our consumer responsibility. • Acquire knowledge from reliable sources. • 4. Deduce your plan for consumer action. • Execute that plan before distraction. • Educate others to do the same.

  13. GOVERNMENTS & WE, THE PEOPLE • Recognize representatives’ constraints. • Understand citizenship responsibilities. • Acquire knowledge from reliable sources. • 4. Deduce your plan for citizen action. • Execute that plan before distraction. • Educate others to do the same.

  14. PRESENTATION TERMS ICEV = Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle EV = Electric Vehicle = Plug-in EV & Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

  15. TERMS (CONTINUED) HEV = Hybrid Electric Vehicle. A fossil fuel engine charges a battery. Battery power drives a motor to provide initial vehicle motion. Then the engine takes over to provide motion at higher speeds. PHEV = Plug-in Hybrid EV. Utility power charges the battery. The battery drives a motor until it approaches a discharged state. Then an engine takes over to provide motion and/or recharge the battery.

  16. WHY? Pleasant Safe Economic Geopolitical Value Humanitarian Ecological

  17. WHAT? Personal autos Farm machinery Commercial vehicles Mass transit vehicles Clean power plants

  18. HOW? Identify the threats Plan strategies Take consumer action Take citizen action Educate by example

  19. WHEN? NOW

  20. Improvement Participation vs Time

  21. WHY? - PLEASANT PROS: VEHICLE RESPONSE MINIMUM NOISE NO OFFENSIVE ODORS

  22. VEHICLE RESPONSE

  23. Con: Range limit Mitigation: Battery size: vol., wt. & $ Technology improvement Charging infrastructure Exchange infrastructure

  24. RANGE LIMIT Varies: 25 – 300 miles between charges Varies with: vehicle & battery type, size, etc. road & weather conditions driver skill & discipline. But: daily travel distance is less than 40 miles For: 75% of drivers so problem is limited & mitigated by battery quick charge & exchange.

  25. RANGE DEPENDS ON ENERGY STORAGE ICEV: size of fuel tank (gallons) x fuel energy density (kwh/gallon) Tacoma ICEV example: 500 kwh (375 miles) EV: cell capacity (Ah) x cell # x volts/cell Tacoma conversion example: 23 kwh (65 MILES) Stored Energy Ratio = 22 but Range Ratio = 6 because EV efficiency is 4 times higher. EPA: 1 gallon = 33.7 kwh

  26. RANGE DEPENDS ON VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS Inertial resistance = ma Aerodynamic Resistance{CAVsquared} Rolling resistance {cW} Climbing resistance = WG

  27. COEFFICIENT OF DRAG

  28. OTHER EV CHARACTERISTICS Regenerative braking recovers energy No energy expenditure while stopped Excellent information & control system Prompts: How to maximize range When and where to recharge

  29. or

  30. RANGE DEPENDS ON BATTERY Cell chemistry & temperature Cell capacity, number & configuration Discharge rate, level & cycle history Charge rate, level & cycle history

  31. CELL DISCHARGE

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