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Protozoans

Protozoans. Protozoan Groups. Apicomplexans. Amebas. Ciliates. Flagellates. Newly Revised Protozoan Taxonomy. Clade Viridiplantae Phylum Chlorophyta algae with chlorophyll Phylum Euglenozoa euglenoidea kinetoplasta Clade Retortamonada no mitochondria Clade or Superphylum Alveolata

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Protozoans

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  1. Protozoans

  2. Protozoan Groups Apicomplexans Amebas Ciliates Flagellates

  3. Newly Revised Protozoan Taxonomy • Clade Viridiplantae • Phylum Chlorophyta • algae with chlorophyll • Phylum Euglenozoa • euglenoidea • kinetoplasta • Clade Retortamonada • no mitochondria • Clade or Superphylum Alveolata • Phylum Apicomplexa • Phylum Ciliophora • Phylum Dinoflagellata • Amebas

  4. Basis of Taxonomy Morphological traits Flagella Cilia Pseudopodia Shells (tests) Reproductive modes Sexual Asexual Spore formation Distinct reproductive cell forms Cyst formation Characteristic organelles Apical complex Kinetoplast mitochondria plastids Trophism Heterotrophic Autotrophic Molecular DNA sequences gene sets

  5. Symbiotic Relationships • Host • Symbiont • Relationship • Parasitism • Commensalism • Mutualism

  6. Flagella & Cilia • Axoneme • Kinetosome

  7. Fig. 11.6b

  8. Pseudopodial Movement

  9. Amoeba • Amoeboid movement • Pseudopodial extension • Phagocytosis • Engulfment of large particles

  10. Contractile Vacuoles • Osmotic regulation • Remove excess metabolic H2O, and HCO3 • Remove H2O that enters by osmosis

  11. Feeding

  12. Examples of Binary Fission – Asexual Reproduction

  13. Sexual Reproduction • Conjugation • Meiotic nuclear division • Transfer of portion of genome between partners • Sporogomy • Formation of sporozoites • Formation of gametocytes from sporozoites • Fusion of gametocytes to form new generation of sporozoite • Gametocytes and sporozoites are present in separate hosts

  14. Cyst Formation

  15. Euglenozoa • A phytoflagellate • Autotrophic • Opportunistic heterotroph

  16. Free Living Flagellates Pandorina colony

  17. Colonial Flagellates Volvox colony

  18. Cell Specialization in the Colonial Volvacae

  19. Examples of Ameba Body Forms

  20. Naegleria fowleri

  21. Foraminiferan Tests

  22. Radiolarian Undergoing Binary Fission

  23. Dinoflagellates

  24. Flagellates • Parasitic examples • Cyst formers

  25. Intracellular Parasitic Flagellates

  26. Parasitic Kinetoplastids • Phylum Euglenozoa • Subphylum Kinetoplasta • Class Trypanosomatidea • Trypanosoma spp • Leishmania spp

  27. Trypanosomiasis • African sleeping sickness – Eastern hemisphere • Trypanosoma brucei • Vector – Tsetse Fly - Glossina spp Immages from links at http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite

  28. Trypanosomiasis • Chaga’s disease – Western hemisphere • Trypanosoma cruzi • Vector – assassin bug – Rhodnius spp, Panstrongylus spp and Triatoma spp

  29. Life Cycle of Trypanosoma • http://www.genomics.liv.ac.uk/tryps/trypsmovie.html

  30. Leishmaniasis • Leishmania spp • Vector – sandfly – OW Phlebotomus spp, NW Lutzomyia, Brumptomyia • Similar protozoan to Trypanosoma sp • Cutaneous and visceral forms of disease

  31. Life Cycle of Leishmania

  32. Taxonomy of Apicomplexans • Phylum Apicomplexa • Class Coccidiea • Plasmodium spp , Toxoplasma spp • Life cycle with multiple hosts • Class Gregarinea • Gregarines – invertebrate parasites • Single host life cycles

  33. Apical Organelles of the Apicomplexans

  34. Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax Anopheles spp

  35. Phylum Ciliophora Tetrahymena Vorticella Stentor

  36. A Ciliate – Parmecium sp

  37. Reproduction in Ciliates Conjugation Fission

  38. Conjugating Tetrahymena

  39. Conjugation

  40. Conjugation

  41. Conjugation derived from the micronucleus.

  42. Reproduction in Ciliates – Sexual and Asexual Fission = asexual

  43. Vorticella

  44. http://youtu.be/rqD3m9hHhlo http://youtu.be/pds8w7C9FEw

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