1. Botulinum Toxin By: Micah Streety, Carson Lougheed, Zachary Maschmann

2. Poison • C6760H10447N1743O2010S32 • Very difficult to synthesize • Occurs naturally from Clostridium botulinum • Bacteria broken into 7 subtypes, depending upon physical characteristics

3. Symptoms • Botulism leads to nausea, vomiting, blurry vision, general weakness, paralysis, double vision, and ultimately failure of skeletal and soft muscle tissues

4. Use • As a poison, Botulinum Toxin must be applied to the blood stream • In Botox or Dysport injections, it is applied to a single muscle • Can be applied Intramuscularly, Intravenously and Subcutaneously (fatal applications), and into glands • No permanent effects…

5. Discovery and Cure • It was discovered in 1895 my Emile Van Ermengem in an old ham as the source of a local botulinum toxin outbreak • It can be treated with either Trivalent Botulinum Anti-toxin (antibodies), or a Heptavalent antibody found in Zebras

6. Case Study • Black Tar Heroin, • Subcutaneously, or “Skin Popping” • Increasingly common • First “Skin Popping” Botulinum in New York 1982 • ¾ of Botulinum cases in california due to black tar

7. Case Study • Sara, 21 went to thanksgiving at her grandparent’s farm • Ate her grandmother’s own canned vegitables • Blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, while driving a car • Rushed to hospital and treated with Trivalent Botulinum Anti-Toxin

8. Works Cited • Neuromuscular.wustl.edu/nother/bot.htm • www.gillettechildrens.org/​default. • www.wikipedia.org • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles