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Finishing Operationalization and Measurement

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Finishing Operationalization and Measurement

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    1. Finishing Operationalization and Measurement Then Exam Review

    2. Level of Measurement Nominal level variable Ordinal level variable Interval level variable Ratio level variable

    3. Example Activity Answer the following questions on a piece of paper. I will then ask you to leave your paper face up and stand up in your row. As I ask you to calculate each of the following, walk up and down your row and do calculations. Mode Median Mean

    4. Here are the 3 questions to answer: What is your favorite color car? How satisfied are you with your lunch today? dissatisfied neutral satisfied What is the approximate distance in minutes from your home to campus by car?

    5. Level of Measurement Nominal level variable Ordinal level variable Interval level variable Ratio level variable

    6. Levels of Measurement Nominal Numerical values simply name the attribute No ordering of values is implied Numerical values are simply short codes for longer names e.g., color of your car 1 = red 2 = yellow 3 = black

    7. Levels of Measurement When is a number not a number? When it is something else, such as a name or a rank order.

    11. Here are the 3 questions to answer: What is your favorite color car? How satisfied are you with your lunch today? dissatisfied neutral satisfied What is the approximate distance in minutes from your home to campus by car?

    12. Here are the 3 questions to answer: What is your favorite color car? How satisfied are you with your lunch today? 1 = dissatisfied 2 = neutral 3 = satisfied What is the approximate distance in minutes from your home to campus by car?

    14. Levels of Measurement Ordinal Attributes can be rank ordered Distances/intervals between attributes have no meaning e.g., degree of satisfaction 1 = dissatisfied 2 = neutral 3 = satisfied

    16. Here are the 3 questions to answer: What is your favorite color car? How satisfied are you with your lunch today? 1 = dissatisfied 2 = neutral 3 = satisfied What is the approximate distance in minutes from your home to campus by car?

    18. Levels of Measurement Interval Distances/intervals between attributes do have meaning e.g., temperature on a Fahrenheit scale Ratios do not make sense e.g., 80 degrees is not twice as hot as 40 degrees Not meaningful, absolute zero e.g., Zero degrees (F) is not the absence of temperature

    21. Levels of Measurement Ratio Always a meaningful, absolute zero Allows construction of meaningful ratios e.g., weight Zero pounds is the absence of weight 80 pounds is twice as much weight as 40 pounds

    22. Which is the level of measurement of each, can you do mean median or mode for each? Which is your favorite character? Pooh Tigger Eye-ore Rabbit Piglet 2. Do you like this character a little, a lot or not at all? 3.How many items (i.e. toys, stuffed animals, blankys, pajamas, nukks tm)do you own that feature this character? 4. On a scale of one to 5, how much do you like this character?

    27. Mid-Term Exam Prep

    28. Bring: a Prize to Give Away

    30. Excel Showdown (prizes to the 1st row to have all completed the indicated task) Sort your data (ascending) by region. Find the average CEXFUEL for Europe by calculating it in a row created beneath the European Nations. Find the Standard Deviation for CEXFUEL for all o nations by calculating it in a row created beneath the o Nations.

    31. Excel Showdown (prizes to the 1st row to have all complete the indicated task) 4. Create a new variable named xblah-blah to the right of XRREG. Make it the Median of

    32. Excel Showdown (prizes to the 1st row to have all complete the indicated task) 5. Format all of the data in the spreadsheet to 3 decimal places and re-size the entire spreadsheet so that all data fits in the boxes (i.e. no ######)

    33. Tips for Exam Refer to previous assignments if you wonder how to do something. You may also make use of the Excel help function or the office assistant.

    34. Tips for Exam Save your work often on your H Drive.

    35. Do not Post Beyond Here

    36. 1. If the flu has been going around and your friends and family have been ill and you begin to feel sick, observing them to see what they are doing to get better and what is working, is an example of a. experience-based research or personal inquiry. b. authority-based knowledge. c. research-based knowledge. d. none of the above

    37. 2. In scientific inquiry, intersubjectivity works to gain a. critical analysis of previously accepted truths. b. increased subjectivity by scholars. c. agreement among researchers that their findings approximate reality because they are consistent with each other. d. eliminate the possibility of bias in research.

    38. 3. When a researcher ____________, she or he is engaged in explanatory research. a. suggests that program interventions are not having their intended effect b. describes a population in detail c. critiques the existing social order d. determines that one variable causes another or is related to another variable

    39. 4. In some cases, research subjects have been deceived about the real purpose of the research they were participating in. One of the most outrageous instances of this was the infamous a. Manhattan project. b. Tuskegee study. c. Tennessee Valley study. d. Surgeon General study.

    40. 5. The larger the size of the samples taken from a population, the more likely that a. the statistic will be an accurate estimate of the population parameter. b. we will obtain identical statistics and parameters. c. we will gain an accurate picture of the variation within the samples. d. our study will become very expensive.

    41. 6. A researcher who defines "elite families" as those with annual incomes larger than $250,000 has __________ this concept. a. defined b. operationalized c. described d. created a marker for

    42. 7. Letter grades given at the end of the term are an example of _______ measurements; calculated GPAs are a type of _________ measurement. a. ordinal, interval b. ordinal, ratio c. interval, ratio d. nominal, ratio

    43. 8. Some research is likely to be quite expensive while other research can be conducted with few costs. Of the following, which study design is likely to be least costly? a. using available data from a library b. distributing mail questionnaire once to a convenience sample c. a multi-site investigation conducted over a period of several years d. in-person interviews

    44. 9. In a probability sample, every element in the population has a (n) _______ chance of being included in the sample. a. known b. different c. weighted d. unknowable

    45. 10.To improve the representativeness of samples, one can use a technique where randomization is used at several points. Sampling methodologies that use this approach include a. cluster. b. multistage. c. stratified. d. a and b e. b and c

    46. 11. The measure of central tendency called the mean can be used with a. ordinal measures. b. interval measures. c. ratio measures. d. all of the above e. b and c

    48. Levels of Measurement

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