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Magnesium

Magnesium. C+ Health Information. mitochondria.

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Magnesium

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  1. Magnesium C+ Health Information

  2. mitochondria • Magnesium Protects the Mitochondria. Magnesium and bicarbonate given together work to combat the drop in energy within the mitochondria during constant bombardment from toxins. First, magnesium bicarbonate protects the natural organic and inorganic phosphate buffers in the cytoplasm of cells. Second, magnesium bicarbonate neutralizes the acid produced as a result of metabolic processes and ATP hydrolysis. This allows more ATP to be hydrolyzed, or more energy to be made. Magnesium bicarbonate buffers the mitochondria in body cells from excess acid concentrations, which improves mitochondrial function and increases ATP.

  3. Integrity of Mitochondrial Membrane and Capacity of Respiratory Chain • Magnesium plays an important role in the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. Magnesium deficiency is associated with swelling of the mitochondria; increased permeability and decreased selectivity of mitochondrial inner membrane and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation . • As previously discussed, the respiratory chain responsible for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis requires NAD and FAD which derive from the vitamins thiamine and riboflavin respectively. These B vitamins become biologically active after a magnesium-dependent phosphate transfer reaction. • Abnormalities of mitochondrial membranes have been reported in FM patients . Adequacy of the respiratory chain, including assessment of nutritional status with regard to the vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine, have not been reported in FM patients.

  4. ATP • Owing to the magnesium ATP complex, magnesium acquires a decisive influence over metabolic reactions which use and supply energy. What is more, since the membrane-bound sodium-potassium pump is ATP-controlled, the electrolyte balance of all cells is dependent on magnesium.

  5. Myosin • The structure below shows myosin complexed with ATP and magnesium. (PDB code 1MMG) On closer inspection the environment of the magnesium ion can be examined in detail. This shows us that the magnesium is bound to the two terminal phosphates of the ATP but also to two amino acids in the myosin. The amino acids are serine and threonine which both supply oxygen as the ligand. This pairs like with like i.e. hard ligand with hard metal. The magnesium ion is in an octahedral geometry though due to two water molecules in the axial positions. Thus the magnesium ion appears to play a role in the binding of the ATP with the myosin as well as facilitating hydrolysis by lose of phosphate.

  6. c- AMP

  7. Delbet 1915 ! • "These experiments prove that a solution of desiccated chloride of magnesium at 12.1 parts per 1,000 has a special effect on the white corpuscles, which is not the case with either physiological serum [a solution of chloride of sodium at seven parts per 1,000] or seawater, or the solution of Locke-Ringer which was considered best for maintaining the activity of cells. • "Consequently, a solution of chloride of magnesium was better than all the solutions previously used in the washing and dressing of wounds."

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