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The Middle East

An Introduction. The Middle East. Geography of the middle east. Crossroads between Africa, Asia, and Europe Diversity of people, belief systems, cultures Conflicts over: Water (Arable Land) Oil Religion. Muslims, Christians, Jews Different sects within religions

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The Middle East

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  1. An Introduction The Middle East

  2. Geography of the middle east • Crossroads between Africa, Asia, and Europe • Diversity of people, belief systems, cultures • Conflicts over: • Water (Arable Land) • Oil • Religion

  3. Muslims, Christians, Jews • Different sects within religions • e.g., Sunni vs. Shi’a Muslims • Over 30 languages • Desire for a united Arab state • BUT also deep divisions • Cultural and political disagreements with “the West” religious and ethnic differences

  4. Largest oil fields in the world • Oil-rich nations (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE) have wealth and power • Limited water supply • Leads to arguments over dams, water rights natural resources

  5. Some democracy – Turkey, Israel Monarchy – Saudi Arabia, Jordan Single-Party dictatorships – Iraq, Syria Theocracy – Iran “ARAB SPRING” = movement in Spring 2011 to bring about more democratic reforms in Middle East governments

  6. Laws of Islam influence government, society, personal life (clothing, laws, education, gender differences, cultural practices, etc.) Antiwestern feelings 1990s revival of Islamic traditions islamic traditions

  7. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Often set prices for oil – affects worldwide oil prices and consumption opec

  8. But it is also this…

  9. What are the causes and key events in the Arab-Israeli conflict? The middle east: arab-israeli conflict

  10. Holy Land = Palestine • British had control over the area before WWII • BALFOUR DECLARATION: Vague promise of a Jewish homeland in the area of Palestine • ZIONISTS = Jews who settled in Palestine – want a homeland for Jews background

  11. Israel Created 1947 Why is this a problem??

  12. PALESTINIANS = People of Arab decent who lived in the area of Israel • They are mostly Muslim • Why do you think they are mad at the Jews (and at the Western countries?)?? • Plan was to divide into Israel and Palestine – Jews accepted this; Palestinians did not • Vowed to drive the Jews out and restore Palestine as an Arab nation People already living there

  13. war of independence: 1948 • CAUSE: Six Arab nations invaded Israel • EFFECTS: Israel won – seized land which doubled the size of Israel • Many Arab refugees – permanent refugee settlements – poverty, anger, discrimination

  14. Suez Canal War – 1956 • Six-Day War – 1967 • Israel gains the Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, East Jerusalem • Yom Kippur War – 1973 • Egypt and Syria launched war against Israel ISRAEL WINS ALL OF THESE WARS! arab-israeli wars

  15. PLO formed • PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION(PLO) formed - 1964 • GOAL: Self-rule for Palestinians • LEADER: YASSIR ARAFAT • METHODS: Terrorist tactics and guerilla war against Israelis

  16. intifada begins: 1987 • widespread acts of civil disobedience among Palestinian youth in Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza • Crackdowns by Israeli troops led to sympathy for Palestinians

  17. efforts for peace • CAMP DAVID ACCORDS – 1979 Israel gave back Sinai Peninsula Egypt agreed to recognize Israel’s right to exist

  18. efforts at peace • OSLO PEACE ACCORDS • 1993 • PLO and Israel agree to limited self-rule in West Bank/Gaza – PLO gives up terrorism

  19. but…peace doesn’t last

  20. Israel continued to build settlements on “Palestinian” land • Palestinians responded with suicide bombers and riots • Israel invaded Palestinian areas – arrested and assassinated PLO leaders and killed civilians • 2006 – Palestinians elected Hamas – political party known for terrorist tactics and hard-line against Israel • Israel attacked Hamas in Gaza - 2008 continued conflict…

  21. Israeli view Palestinian view Two opposing views: reconciliation?

  22. Rap: Protest Slingshot rappers

  23. Read CNN article What was Obama’s proposed plan for peace? How is it being received by Israel? How is it being received by Palestinians? 1 million bonus points to whomever can resolve the Arab-Israeli Conflict! Obama tries for peace

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