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Some images are from chem4kids middleschoolscience 2008

Some images are from www.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.com 2008. Essential Questions : What determines where an element is placed on the Periodic Table of Elements? Which properties determine if an element is a Metal, Nonmetal or Metalloid?.

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Some images are from chem4kids middleschoolscience 2008

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  1. Some images are from www.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.com 2008 Essential Questions: What determines where an element is placed on the Periodic Table of Elements? Which properties determine if an element is a Metal, Nonmetal or Metalloid?

  2. Periodic table organizes elements according to their PROPERTIES • Arranged in rows and columns • Metals are on the left • Non-metals are on the right

  3. Families or Groups on the Periodic Table • Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. • Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. • Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

  4. Electrons & the Periodic Table Elements are grouped because they have similar properties In some groups, the elements all have the same number of valence electrons in their atoms

  5. Groups or Families of Elements • The vertical (up and down) columns of the periodic table (there are 18) are called groups or families. • Elements in the same group or family have similar characteristics or properties.

  6. ALKALI METALS Group1 • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal • 1 valence electron • Soft and silvery metals • Very reactive, esp. with water • Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

  7. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group2 • 2 valence electrons • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals • Conduct electricity

  8. Groups 3-12 Groups 3-12 The Transition Metals are less reactivethan Groups 1 & 2 because they don’t lose their valence electrons as easily.

  9. TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle • Good conductors of heat and electricity. • Some are used for jewelry. • Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

  10. Silver and Gold are Transition Metals.

  11. BORON FAMILY Group 13 • 3 valence electrons • Most are metals • Boron is a metalloid

  12. CARBON FAMILY Group14 • 4 valence electrons • Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

  13. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 • 5 valence electrons • Can share electrons to form compounds • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

  14. OXYGEN FAMILY Group16 • 6 valence electrons • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals • Reactive

  15. Halogens Group17 • 7 valence electrons • All are non-metals • Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1

  16. Noble Gases Group18 • Exist as gases • Non-metals • 8 valence = Full octet • Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full 1st Energy level that only holds two electrons • Not reactive with other elements

  17. Rows • The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods. • Elements in a period are not alike in properties. • The period number tells us how many energy levels each atom contains.

  18. Rows • Atomic mass (number of protons) increases from left to right across a period.

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