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Computer Basics

Computer Basics . Tianguang Ball State University. Content. Main box Peripherals Software . Computer . Desktop Laptop Server. Personal computer . PC MAC. Server. More?. Main box. Mother board CPU Memory Extensions Drives . Memory . Primary Memory

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Computer Basics

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  1. Computer Basics Tianguang Ball State University

  2. Content • Main box • Peripherals • Software

  3. Computer • Desktop • Laptop • Server

  4. Personal computer • PC • MAC

  5. Server

  6. More?

  7. Main box • Mother board • CPU • Memory • Extensions • Drives

  8. Memory • Primary Memory • RAM (random access memory): • is the most common memory chip. • will not remain if power goes off. • must move data onto a disk if it is to be saved. • ROM (read-only memory): • information is stored permanently on a chip. • contains startup information and other permanent data. • Secondary Memory • Disks (magnetic and optical disks)

  9. DRAM and Cache • DRAM --Dynamic Random Access memory—mostly in PC and must be constantly refreshed or it will lose the content • SDRAMSynchronous DRAM--is tied to the system clock. • SRAM—Static Random Access Memory—faster and more reliable than DRAM but expensive. Usually used for cache. • Cache is a special high-speed storage mechanism. It can be either a reserved section of main memory or an independent high-speed storage device.

  10. CPU = Control Unit + ALU • The Control Unit coordinates the operation of all the other components. • The ALU performs all arithmetic calculations and logical decisions. • CPU speed is determined by the internal clock of a computer and measured in Megahertz. 2.6GHz, 2.7GHz, 2.8 GHz, 3.2GHz, … • Comparing CPU speeds in different architectures?

  11. Drives • Hard drive • Disk drive • CD drive • Zip • DVD

  12. Flash drives • Portable hard drive

  13. Peripherals • Input • Mouse • Keyboard • microphone • Scanner • Digital camera • Output • Monitor • Printer • Speaker • projector

  14. Computer Software • System software • Application programs • User interfaces • Graphic interface (Win and Mac)

  15. System Software • The operating system controls: • communication with peripherals. • the coordination of concurrent processing. • memory management. • the monitoring of resources and security. • the management of programs and data. • Utility software controls tasks such as: • repairing damaged files. • making it easy for users to copy files from one storage device to another. • translating files so different software can read them. • guarding against viruses.

  16. Application software • Programs that can be used to create different products. • Word, Excel, PowerPoint, ……

  17. Courseware • Educational application programs that can be used directly for teaching and learning to achieve instructional goals.

  18. ?

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