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THE CIVIL WAR – The War on the Battlefield

THE CIVIL WAR – The War on the Battlefield. Modern War vs. Civil War. FIRST MAJOR BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR, MANASSAS (South)/BULL RUN (North) JULY 21, 1861. ALTHOUGH MANY BELIEVED THE UNION TROOPS WERE NOT READY, THE FIRST BATTLE TOOK PLACE 30 MILES SOUTH OF WASHINGTON D.C.

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THE CIVIL WAR – The War on the Battlefield

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  1. THE CIVIL WAR – The War on the Battlefield

  2. Modern War vs. Civil War

  3. FIRST MAJOR BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR, MANASSAS (South)/BULL RUN (North) JULY 21, 1861 ALTHOUGH MANY BELIEVED THE UNION TROOPS WERE NOT READY, THE FIRST BATTLE TOOK PLACE 30 MILES SOUTH OF WASHINGTON D.C. THE CONFEDERATE ARMY WON THIS BATTLE AND BOTH SIDES REALIZED THE WAR WOULD BE A LONG HARD STRUGGLE.

  4. Georgia’s 21st Regiment Lost 184 of its 242 Men (76%)

  5. ANTIETAM BATTLE MAP CONFEDERATE GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE PLANNED TO INVADE THE NORTH THROUGH MARYLAND FOR SUPPLIES. A MAP WAS FOUND BY THE UNION ARMY THAT DETAILED THE LOCATION OF THE CONFEDERATE FORCES. UNION GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN PLANNED AN ATTACK FOR SEPTEMBER 1862. FOR TWO DAYS 60,000 UNION TROOPS ATTACKED 30,000 CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. BOTH SIDES LOST MORE THAN 50% WHICH MADE THIS THE BLOODIEST BATTLE OF THE ENTIRE CIVIL WAR. THE CONFEDERATES WERE FORCED TO RETREAT WHICH RESULTED IN THE UNION VICTORY.

  6. LINCOLN VISITED GENERAL McCLELLAN AFTER THE BATTLE AT ANTIETAM, 1862 THIS WAS AN IMPORTANT VICTORY FOR THE NORTH BECAUSE THE SOUTH HAD BEEN ON THE VERGE OF FOREIGN AID WHICH MIGHT HAVE LED TO A CONFEDERATE VICTORY. LINCOLN ISSUED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION SHORTLY AFTER THIS BATTLE.

  7. Freeing of the Slaves On September 22, 1862, 5 days after the Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (a document which affected 4 million slaves in the United States).

  8. Lincoln Warned • Lincoln warned the Confederate states to end the war, return to the Union, and end 244 years of slavery. • Lincoln stated that unless the South surrendered by January 1, 1863, “all slaves in states or districts in rebellion against the US will be thenceforth and forever free.”

  9. South Faced a Choice

  10. The Confederates Chose to Continue Fighting...

  11. War in Georgia • 100 Civil War Battles & Skirmishes in Georgia • 92 of those Battles Were Part of Sherman’s March to the Sea

  12. Tybee Island & Fort Pulaski Attacked Tybee Island Fort Pulaski

  13. Battle of Chickamauga • Railroad line – just over the Georgia line near Chattanooga, Tennessee • Confederates defeated Union and forced them back into Tennessee.

  14. Battle of Atlanta

  15. Confederate Battles = Named after nearby towns or villages Union Battles = Named after nearby creeks, mountains, or other geographical features.

  16. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Atlanta to Savannah • Destroyed: military targets, civilian economic system, farms, homes, towns, railroads, bridges, roads • Took 2 Months • Estimated Damage = $100 Million

  17. UNION GENERAL SHERMAN LED 62,000 SOLDIERS 285 MILES ACROSS GEORGIA TO CAPTURE SAVANNAH, THE MAJOR SEAPORT IN THE STATE. ALONG THE WAY, SOLDIERS BURNED AND LOOTED TO ERADICATE ALL FOOD AND SUPPLIES. THE CAMPAIGN LASTED FIVE WEEKS FROM NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1864. THE UNION VICTORY WAS A MAJOR TURNING POINT IN THE WAR, ENDING ANY CHANCE OF A CONFEDERATE VICTORY.

  18. Sherman said... “If the people of Georgia raise a howl against my barbarity and cruelty, I will answer that war is war and not popularity seeking.”

  19. Sherman’s Message to President Lincoln On December 22, 1864, Sherman sent a message to President Lincoln, “I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah with 150 heavy guns, plenty of ammunition, also about 25,000 bales of cotton.”

  20. Sherman Took Savannah the Next Day

  21. VICKSBURG JULY 1863: THIS BATTLE SPLIT THE SOUTH IN HALF

  22. VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI UNION MAJOR GENERAL GRANT WANTED TO CAPTURE VICKSBURG AS IT WAS LOCATED ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND WAS A MAJOR SUPPLY ROUTE FOR THE SOUTH. FROM THE WINTER OF 1862 THROUGH THE SUMMER OF 1863, THE UNION ARMY ATTACKED; AND, AFTER MANY CASUALTIES, ULTIMATELY MADE THE CONFEDERATE ARMY SURRENDER ON JULY 4, 1863.

  23. THE CONFEDERATE ARMY TRIED TO INVADE THE NORTH AGAIN THIS TIME IN PENNSYLVANIA. THE TWO ARMIES MET IN THE SMALL TOWN OF GETTYSBURG. DURING EARLY JULY, OVER THE COURSE OF THREE DAYS, THE CONFEDERATE ARMY TRIED UNSUCCESSFULLY TO FORCE THE UNION ARMY TO RETREAT. THE CONFEDERATE ARMY LOST 28,000 MEN. GETTYSBURG, JULY 1863

  24. GETTYSBURG BEFORE AND AFTER THE BATTLE

  25. LINCOLN’S GETTYSBURG ADDRESS LINCOLN TRAVELED TO GETTYSBURG TO DEDICATE THE CEMETERY AND COMMEMORATE THE VICTORY. HE GAVE HIS FAMOUS SPEECH ABOUT SACRIFICE SO THAT LIBERTY WOULD EXIST FOR ALL. DRAFT OF LINCOLN’S SPEECH FOUR SCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH, UPON THIS CONTINENT, A NEW NATION, CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY, AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT “ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL”

  26. Final Battles of the War On January 13, 1865, the North captured Fort Fisher in North Carolina and closed the last Confederate blockade-running port.

  27. IN THE SPRING OF 1865, GRANT OVERWHELMED GENERAL LEE AT PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA AND THEN SEIZED RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, THE CONFEDERATE CAPITAL. THE LEADERS OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT FLED AND LEE TRIED TO ESCAPE TO THE WEST. HOWEVER HE WAS TRAPPED NEAR THE APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE IN VIRGINIA. BATTLE MAP OF GRANT’S FINAL CAMPAIGN FOR RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

  28. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA AFTER THE BATTLE GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT

  29. ROBERT E. LEE SURRENDERED AT THE Mc LEAN HOUSE IN APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE ON APRIL 9, 1865. THIS ENDED THE CIVIL WAR WITH A UNION VICTORY. THE Mc LEAN HOUSE LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT

  30. South • General Robert E. Lee • Asked to Meet with Grant to Talk about Ending the War • Jefferson Davis was Captured near Irwinville, GA • April9, 1865 – General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia • North • General Ulysses S. Grant • Twice the Size of the South’s Army • President Lincoln Refused Unless South Surrendered

  31. Major Battles of the War Most Fought on Southern Soil Sites of MOST Battles #1 = Virginia #2 = Tennessee #3 = Georgia

  32. Civil War Prisons • North • Point Lookout, Maryland • Camp Douglas, Illinois • Elmira, New York • Conditions Were Equally Poor • 26,000 Confederate Prisoners Died • South • Andersonville, Georgia • Dirty • Shanties • Not Enough Food, Water, or Medical Supplies • Water Contaminated • Overcrowded • 13,000 Union Prisoners Died Neither the North nor the South had foreseen the problems that would be caused by large numbers of prisoners over a prolonged war period.

  33. Andersonville

  34. Final Note about the War • 620,000 Soldiers Died • 1/3 Died from the War • Others Died From: disease wounds hardships of military prisons • Total Cost = Exceeded $15 Billion

  35. WHILE THE SOUTH WAS DEVASTATED AND IN RUINS, THE NORTH WILL EXPERIENCE ECONOMIC GROWTH!

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