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Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue. Most abundant, variable, and widely distributed of all tissue types. Functions. Binding Support Protection Storage Transport. Characteristics. Most are well- vascularized All are made up of: Cells Extra-cellular matrix – nonliving, 2 components:

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Connective Tissue

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  1. Connective Tissue

  2. Most abundant, variable, and widely distributed of all tissue types.

  3. Functions • Binding • Support • Protection • Storage • Transport

  4. Characteristics • Most are well-vascularized • All are made up of: • Cells • Extra-cellular matrix – nonliving, 2 components: • Ground Substance – glue-like material between cells • Fibers – vary depending on tissue types

  5. 3 Types of Fibers • Collagenous – woven strands of the protein collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body • Thick fibers • Great tensile strength (hard to pull apart) Collagen Fibers as seen with a scanning electron microscope Close-up of a single fiber

  6. Reticular – thin collagen fiber coated with glycoproteins • Branch extensively • Form frameworks for organs Fibers are stained black in this pic of the liver

  7. Elastic– made of the protein elastin • Can stretch and recoil • Found in lungs, arteries, and skin In this slide, “A” is an elastic fiber – what do you suppose “B” is?

  8. Loose Connective Tissue – 3 Types • Lots of cells • Lots of ground substance • Lots of empty space • Few Fibers • Vascular

  9. 1. Areolar Functions • Cushions & protects • Packages & binds • Immune defense • Water & salt reservoir Locations • Surrounds organs • Underlies most epithelia

  10. 2. Reticular Functions • Forms the stroma, or framework, inside lymphatic organs Locations • Lymph nodes • Spleen • Thymus • Bone marrow

  11. 3. Adipose Functions • Energy storage • Thermal insulation • Shock absorption • Protective cushioning for some organs Locations • Fat beneath skin • Breast • Heart surface • Kidneys, eyes

  12. Dense Connective Tissue – 2 Types • Lots of fibers • Few cells • Little ground substance • Very few blood vessels

  13. 1. Dense Regular Functions • Bind muscle to bone and transfer tension • Bind bone to bone and resist stress Locations • Tendons • Ligaments

  14. 2. Dense Irregular Functions • Provides durable, hard to tear structure, that can withstand a variety of stresses Locations • Deep portion of skin • Capsules around visceral organs e.g. spleen, liver, kidney • Fibrous sheaths around cartilage and bone

  15. Cartilage – 3 types • Avascular • Metabolism and rate of mitosis is slow, so healing is a long process Based on this, why do you suppose shark cartilage has been touted as a possible aid in the fight against cancer?

  16. 1. Hyaline Functions • Precursor to bone skeleton • Attachment • Eases joint movements Locations • Fetal skeleton • Ribs-sternum • Ends of bones

  17. 2. Elastic Functions • Flexible, elastic support Locations • External ear • epiglottis

  18. 3. Fibrocartilage Functions • Resists compression • Absorbs shock Locations • Pubic symphysis • Intervertebral discs • Menisci (shock-absorbing pads of knee)

  19. Bone Functions • Support, protection • Calcified matrix • Collagen fibers Locations • You know where…

  20. Blood Functions • Transports nutrients, wastes, gases • Fluid matrix • Fibers visible during clotting Locations • Hmmm??

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