Seerah of The Prophet

1. Seerah of The Prophet The Hijrah

2. 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj

3. 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj First Muslims of Yathrib First Pledge of ‘Aqaba

4. 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj First Muslims of Yathrib First Pledge of ‘Aqaba Second Pledge of ‘Aqaba HIJRAH

5. Preparation 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj First Muslims of Yathrib First Pledge of ‘Aqaba Second Pledge of ‘Aqaba HIJRAH

6. Preparation Trials &Tribulation 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj First Muslims of Yathrib First Pledge of ‘Aqaba Second Pledge of ‘Aqaba HIJRAH

7. Preparation Trials &Tribulation Preludes of Hijrah 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj First Muslims of Yathrib First Pledge of ‘Aqaba Second Pledge of ‘Aqaba HIJRAH

8. Hijrah • Reasons of Hijrah: • Persecution • Limited spread of Islam in Mecca • Spread of Islam in Yathrib • Protection promised in Yathrib for Islam • Establishing the first independent Muslim Community/State • فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم للمسلمين : ( إني أريت دار هجرتكم ، ذات نخل بين لابتين ) . البخاري • Al-Bukhari: Allah's Apostle was still in Mecca and he said to his companions, "Your place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms and situated between two mountains which are the two Harras."

9. Hijrah • Yathrib:

10. Hijrah

11. Hijrah • The First Immigrants to Yathrib: • Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr مصعب بن عمير • Abdullah bin Um Maktoom عبد الله بن أم مكتوم • Abu Salamah أبو سلمة • ‘Aamer bin Rabi’ah عامر بن ربيعة • Abduaalh bin Jahsh عبد الله بن جحش

12. Hijrah • Quraysh tried to prevent Muslims from leaving: • To contain Islam within Mecca • To keep control on the spread of Islam • To prevent the threat of forming a Muslim State • To preserve the tribal system, against faith-based allegiance • The potential threat to their Northern trade rout passing by Yathrib to Syria

13. Hijrah • Quraysh tried to prevent Muslims from leaving: • Placing pressure on families by separating them. • Family of Abu Salamah • Kidnapping, imprisonment and torture • ‘Ayyash bin Abi Rabi’ah • Hisham bin Al-’As • Confiscating wealth and property • Suhaib bin Sinan

14. Hijrah • Receiving houses of Ansar: • Qiba’: Banu Amr bin ‘Awf • Omar bin Al-Khattab and others • Banu An-Najjar (Sa’d bin Zurarah) • Hamzah, Uthman, and others • Single men with Sa’d bin Khayshamah • Banu Abdel-Ash-hal (Sa’d bin Mu’adh) • Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr

15. Hijrah • فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم للمسلمين : إني أريت دار هجرتكم ذات نخل بين لابتين ، وهي الحرتان ، فهاجر من هاجر قبل المدينة ، ورجع عامة من كان هاجر بأرض الحبشة إلى المدينة ، وتجهز أبو بكر قبل المدينة ، فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : على رسلك ، فإني أرجو أن يؤذن لي . فقال أبو بكر : وهل ترجو ذلك بأبي أنت ؟ قال : نعم فحبس أبو بكر نفسه على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ليصحبه ، وعلق راحلتين كانتا عند ورق السمر – وهو الخبط – أربعة أشهر . البخاري • Allah's Apostle said to his companions, "Your place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms and situated between two mountains which are the two ,Harras." So, when the Prophet told it, some of the companions migrated to Medina, and some of those who had migrated to Abyssinia returned to Medina. When Abu Bakr prepared for emigration, Allah's Apostle said to him, "Wait, for I expect to be permitted to emigrate." Abu Bakr asked, "May my father be sacrificed for your sake, do you really expect that?" Allah's Apostle replied in the affirmative. So, Abu Bakr postponed his departure in order to accompany Allah's Apostle and fed two camels which he had, with the leaves of Samor trees for four months.

16. Hijrah • And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you (O Muhammad) to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the Best of those who plot. الأنفال

17. Hijrah • قالت عائشة : فبينما نحن يوما جلوس في بيت أبي بكر في نحر الظهيرة ، قال قائل لأبي بكر : هذا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم متقنعا في ساعة لم يكن يأتينا فيها ، فقال أبو بكر : فدى له أبي وأمي ، والله ما جاء به في هذه الساعة إلا أمر ، قالت فجاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، واستأذن ، فأذن له ، فدخل ، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لأبي بكر : أخرج من عندك . فقال ابوبكر : إنما هم أهلك بأبي أنت يا رسول اله ، قال : فإني قد أذن لي في الخروج . قال أبو بكر : الصحابة بأبي أنت يا رسول الله قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : نعم ، قال أبو بكر : فخذ بأبي أنت يا رسول الله إحدى راحلتي هاتين : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : بالثمن .قالت عائشة : فجهزناهما أحث الجهاز ، وصنعنا لهما سفرة في جراب ، فقطعت أسماء بنت أبي بكر قطعة من نطاقها ، فربطت به على فم الجراب ، فبذلك سميت ذات النطاقين • البخاري

18. Hijrah • One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr's house at noon, someone said to Abu Bakr, "This is Allah's Apostle with his head covered coming at a time at which he never used to visit us before." Abu Bakr said, "May my parents be sacrificed for him. By Allah, he has not come at this hour except for a great necessity." So Allah's Apostle came and asked permission to enter, and he was allowed to enter. When he entered, he said to Abu Bakr. "Tell everyone who is present with you to go away." Abu Bakr replied, "There are none but your family. May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Apostle!" The Prophet said, “I have been given permission to migrate." Abu Bakr said, "Shall I accompany you? May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Apostle!" Allah's Apostle said, "Yes." Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Apostle! May my father be sacrificed for you, take one of these two she-camels of mine." Allah's Apostle replied, "(I will accept it) with payment." So we prepared the baggage quickly and put some journey food in a leather bag for them. Asma, Abu Bakr's daughter, cut a piece from her waist belt and tied the mouth of the leather bag with it, and for that reason she was named Dhat-un-Nitaqain (i.e. the woman with the two belts).

19. Hijrah • The plot to murder the Prophet • Ali sleeps in the Prophet’s bed that night • The Prophet and Abu Bakr travel south to the mount of Thaur • Quraysh post a reward to bring the Prophet dead or alive for 100 Camels. • رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم واقفا على الحزورة فقال والله إنك لخير أرض الله وأحب أرض الله إلى الله ولولا أني أخرجت منك ما خرجت . • الراوي: عبدالله بن عدي بن الحمراء المحدث: الترمذي

20. Hijrah If you help himnot (it does not matter), for Allah did indeed help him when the disbelievers drove him out, the second of the two; when they were in the cave, he said to his companion (Abu Bakr) "Be not sad (or afraid), surely Allah is with us." Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon him, and strengthened him with forces (angels) which you saw not, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowermost, while the Word of Allah is the the uppermost; and Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. التوبة

21. Hijrah • قالت ثم لحق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأبو بكر بغار في جبل ثور ، فكمنا فيه ثلاث ليال ، يبيت عندهما عبد الله بن أبي بكر ، وهو غلام شاب ، ثقف لقن ، فيدلج من عندهما بسحر ، فيصبح مع قريش بمكة كبائت ، فلا يسمع أمرا يكتادان به إلا وعاه ، حتى يأتيهما بخبر ذلك حين يختلط الظلام ، ويرعى عليهما عامر بن فهيرة مولى أبي بكر منحة من غنم ، فيريحها عليهما حين تذهب ساعة من العشاء ، فيبيتان في رسل ، وهو لبن منحتهما ورضيفهما ، حتى ينعق بها عامر بن فهيرة بغلس ، يفعل ذلك في كل ليلة من تلك الليالي الثلاث ، واستأجر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأبو بكر رجلا من بني الديل ، وهو من بني عبد بن عدي ، هاديا خريتا ، والخريت الماهر بالهداية ، قد غمس حلفا في آل العاص بن وائل السهمي ، وهو على دين كفار قريش ، فأمناه فدفعا إليه راحلتيهما ، وواعداه غار ثور بعد ثلاث ليال ، فأتاهما براحلتيهما صبح ثلاث ، وانطلق معهما عامر بن فهيرة ، والدليل ، فأخذ بهم طريق السواحل . • الراوي: عائشة المحدث: البخاري

22. Hijrah • Then Allah's Apostle and Abu Bakr reached a cave on the mountain of Thaur and stayed there for three nights. 'Abdullah bin Abi Bakr who was intelligent and a sagacious youth, used to stay (with them) every night. He used to leave them before day break so that in the morning he would be with Quraysh as if he had spent the night in Mecca. He would keep in mind any plot made against them, and when it became dark he would (go and) inform them of it. 'Amir bin Fuhaira, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, used to bring the sheep to them a little while after nightfall in order to rest the sheep there. So they always had fresh milk at night, the milk of their sheep, and the milk which they warmed by throwing heated stones in it. 'Amir bin Fuhaira would then call the herd away when it was still dark (before daybreak). He did the same in each of those three nights. Allah's Apostle and Abu Bakr had hired a man from the tribe of Bani Ad-Dail from the family of Bani Abd bin Adi as an expert guide, and he was in alliance with the family of Al-'As bin Wail As-Sahmi and he was on the religion of the Pagans of Quraysh. The Prophet and Abu Bakr trusted him and gave him their two she-camels and took his promise to bring their two she camels to the cave of the mountain of Thaur in the morning after three nights later. And (when they set out), 'Amir bin Fuhaira and the guide went along with them and the guide led them along the sea-shore.