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Attitudes

Attitudes. KNR 270. WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE?. Fishbein & Ajzen model Antecedents Beliefs Attitudes Intention Behavior A learned predisposition to respond in consistently favorable or unfavorable manner to object, person, or idea. WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE?. Feeling toward an object

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Attitudes

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  1. Attitudes KNR 270

  2. WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE? • Fishbein & Ajzen model • Antecedents • Beliefs • Attitudes • Intention • Behavior • A learned predisposition to respond in consistently favorable or unfavorable manner to object, person, or idea

  3. WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE? • Feeling toward an object • Gauge of liking • Once an attitude is developed, we tend to respond in a similar way • Attitudes are not always displayed in behavior

  4. HOW DID I DEVELOP AN ATTITUDE? • It developed from your belief system • What you perceived as truth • Could be right or wrong • Beliefs were influenced by many factors • Antecedents • Family • Friends • Experiences

  5. ATTITUDES • Intentions • What we intend to do • How much effort exert to perform behavior • C/B different than what we think or feel • May not actually do

  6. ATTITUDES • Behavior • Overt action • When one component changes, others will also change • Belief • Attitude • Intention • Behavior

  7. Dimensions of Diversity Status * Parental Income * Education * age Race & ethnicity mental & physical abilities & qualities Work Sex/ gender Religion * Experience * sexual orientation * Geography Experience * Military

  8. Why Study Attitudes? • Know how develop • Know how to change • ADA enacted because of discrimination but couldn’t end because of attitudes • Negative attitudes & lack of physical access are 2 major barriers

  9. What are your attitudes? • Attitude survey • Reactions • What did you learn about yourself & your attitudes? • Is pity or feeling sorry a negative attitude?

  10. WHAT IS IMPACT OF NEGATIVE ATTITUDES ON PWD? • Perception of difference • Stigma, deviancy, stereotypes • Prejudice, discrimination • Segregation, exclusion • Spread phenomena • Overexageration • Labels • Self fulfilling prophecy • Internalized oppression

  11. SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY • Put in category & label • Results in stereotype • Results in expectations of behavior • Behaves as predicted • Self-fulfilling prophecy confirms stereotype

  12. Sources of Prejudice & Discrimination • Moral accountability for cause of disability • Perceived cause can influence degree of stigma • Noble & honorable endeavors (least) • Congenital • Acquired • Acquired but perceived to contribute (most) • Smart, 2001

  13. Sources of Prejudice & Discrimination • Inferred emotional consequences of disability • PWOD automatically assume that having a disability must be the worst thing that ever happened to a person • Fear of acquiring a disability • Smart, 2001

  14. Hierarchy of Stigma by Category (Smart, 2001) • Physical • Least stigma • Cognitive • Intellectual • Mental • Most Stigma • Double whammies

  15. Think-Pair-Share • What directly impacted your attitudes toward people with disabilities? • First exposure, parents, friends • What indirectly impacted your attitudes? • How improve negative attitudes?

  16. HOW IMPROVE ATTITUDES TOWARD PWD? • Exposure to people with disabilities • Direct contact, positive, extensive • Awareness of attitudes • Processing • Education • Classes, presentations, conferences • Simulations

  17. HOW IMPROVE ATTITUDES TOWARD PWD? • Focus on similarities • Facilitate equal status • Model positive interactions

  18. Model Positive Interactions • Take action by looking • Not starring or turning away • Look in the face & smile • Take action by talking • Talk to the person • Take action by doing • Help after offering & offer is accepted • Dattilo, 2012

  19. HINT • As recreation professionals develop more positive attitudes toward people with disabilities, leisure opportunities for individuals with disabilities will increase. • When opportunities to experience leisure increase, the quality of life for individuals with disabilities often is enhanced.

  20. Wheeler’s Education and Training Model (1994) • Unconsciously incompetent • Do not know what they do not know • Limited knowledge • Consciously incompetent • Knows that they don’t know • Consciously competent • New awareness & understanding • Tries to develop or implement programs • Unconsciously competent

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