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Click to edit Master subtitle style. Chapter 16: Wide Area Networks (WANS) Instructor:. Chapter 16 Objectives. The Following CompTIA Network+ Exam Objectives Are Covered in This Chapter: 3.4 Categorize WAN technology types and properties. Types: T1/E1 T3/E3 DS3 Ocx

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  1. Click to edit Master subtitle style Chapter 16: Wide Area Networks (WANS) Instructor:

  2. Chapter 16 Objectives • The Following CompTIA Network+ Exam Objectives Are Covered in This Chapter: • 3.4 Categorize WAN technology types and properties. • Types: • T1/E1 • T3/E3 • DS3 • Ocx • SONET • SDH • DWDM • Satellite • ISDN • Cable 2

  3. Chapter 16 Objectives(Cont) • DSL • Cellular • WiMAX • LTE • HSPA+ • Fiber • Dialup • PON • Frame relay • ATMs • Properties: • Circuit switch • Packet switch • Speed • Transmission media • Distance 3

  4. What’s a WAN? • WANs are communications networks that cover broad geographic areas that still frequently use phone companies (service providers) along with their circuit-switched networks to connect LANs together. • WAN protocols and technologies all occupy the lower three layers of the OSI model • Physical layer • Data Link layer • Network layer (sometimes) 4

  5. Defining WAN Terms Customer premises equipment (CPE) CSU/DSU Demarcation point Local loop Central office (CO) Toll network / Provider Network 5

  6. The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) The portion of the PSTN running from your house to the rest of the world. Known as the plain old telephone service (POTS). The PSTN is a popular method for connecting remote users to a local network because of its simplicity, low cost, and easy installation. Connecting to PSTN via ISDN, DSL, a cable modem, or even your cellular service is becoming popular. 6

  7. WAN Connection Types There are various types of WAN connections you’ll find on the market today. 7

  8. WAN Technologies • WAN Connection Types • Leased lines • Circuit switching • Packet switching • Bandwidth or Speed • T-Series Connections 8

  9. Transmission Media • Wired Connections • Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), and the international equivalent of SONET is known as Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). • SONET defines a base data rate or throughput • This rate are known as optical carrier (OC) levels 9

  10. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing • Multiplexes several optical carriers on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths • The system consists of the following: • DWDM terminal multiplexer • Intermediate line repeater (every 80–100 km) • Intermediate terminal multiplexer (remote amplification site) • DWDM terminal de-multiplexer 10

  11. Passive Optical Network A point-to-multipoint technology with a single fiber strand used for multiple premises (typically 16–28) Consists of an optical line termination (OLT) at the telco’s office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. These systems typically have downlink speeds of 155 to 655 Mbps and uplink bursts to 155 Mbps. 11

  12. Wireless Technologies Bluetooth Microwave Radio Relay Communications Satellite (comsat) 12

  13. Broadband Services • Dedicated broadband services include transmissions over media in a broad range of frequencies. • DSL - digital subscriber line services are broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over a high-bandwidth channel above the baseband voice channel on a single pair of wires. • Ethernet digital signals sent over a cable modem from your local cable service provider are a competitor for DSL service. • DSL and cable Internet services do indeed have a lot in common, they still have some basic, essential differences that are really important for you to understand • Speed • Security • Popularity • Customer satisfaction 13

  14. Broadband Services A connection can terminate from modems to either a PC directly or to a router. 14

  15. DSL Technology and xDSL • DSL Technology and xDSL • High bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) • Symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL) • Very high data-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) • Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) • Cable Modem • Headend • Distribution network • Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) 15

  16. Wireless WAN Technologies Cellular WAN HSPA+ WiMAX LTE 16

  17. WAN Protocols Before Frame Relay Frame Relay Implementation Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Frame Relay Technology 17

  18. WAN Protocols – Frame Relay • Frame Relay Technology • Access rate • Committed Information Rate (CIR) • Virtual Circuits • Frame Relay operates using virtual circuits as opposed to the actual physical circuits leased lines use. • Virtual Circuits that stay connected continuously are known as Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs) • Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCIs) • Frame Relay PVCs are identified to DTE end devices by Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCIs). 18

  19. WAN Protocols • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), not to be confused with automated teller machines, first emerged in the early 1990s. • ATM was designed to be a high-speed communications protocol that does not depend on any specific LAN topology. • ATM uses a high-speed cell-switching technology 19

  20. Summary Summary Exam Essentials Section Written Labs Review Questions 20

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