Chapter 9 Section1 Drugs Preview • Bellringer • Key Ideas • What Are Drugs? • Types of Medicines
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9 Bellringer • Name four medicines that you have heard of. What is each of these medicines used for?
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9 Key Ideas • List three qualities that make a drug useful as a medicine. • Name the two sources of all drugs. • Identify four different types of medicines and their effects on the body. • Identify five different ways that drugs can enter the body. • Describe why some drugs are considered drugs of abuse.
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9 What Are Drugs? • A drug is any substance that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological state. • Medicinesare drugs used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort. • Good medicines have the following qualities: • Effectiveness • Safety • Minor side effects
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9 What Are Drugs? • Drugs of abuse are drugs that people take for mind-altering effects that have no medical purpose. • Drugs of abuse can change the way your brain works in ways that are unhealthy and dangerous. • Drugs that affect your brain can change your behavior over time and lead to addiction and long-term health problems.
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9 What Are Drugs? • All drugs are chemicals that come from one of two sources: • Naturals sources, such as plants, animals, or fungi • Laboratories
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9 Types of Medicines • A prescription is a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine. • Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines can be bought without a prescription.
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9
Section1 Drugs Chapter 9 Types of Medicines • Drugs can be taken into the body in the following ways: • Implanted pumps • Inhalation • Injection • Transdermal patches • Ingestion • Topical application
Chapter 9 Section2 Drugs as Medicines Preview • Bellringer • Key Ideas • Approving Drugs for Medical Use • Prescription Medicines • Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines • How to Read an OTC Label • Possible Problems with Medicines • Using Medicines Wisely
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Bellringer • What are some reasons you think prescription and OTC medications have instructions and precautions written on their packaging?
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Key Ideas • Describe the process by which drugs are approved for medical use. • State two reasons why prescriptions are required for some medicines. • State two factors to consider when choosing over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. • Describe three problems that can occur when taking some medicines. • List six things you should do to be able to use medicines wisely.
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Approving Drugs for Medical Use • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created in 1906 to control the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics in the United States. • The FDA uses an approval process for proving a drug is safe and effective. Some steps include: • Chemical or cell-culture testing in laboratories • Testing on animals • Testing on human volunteers • Clinical trials to compare to existing drugs
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Prescription Medicines • Prescription medications should only be taken with a doctor’s recommendation and supervision. • Taking someone else’s medication or failing to follow the prescription can be dangerous.
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Prescription Medicines • Prescriptions include the following information: • Dosage (how much you should take) • When you should take the medicine • How often you should take the medicine • The length of time you should take the medicine
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines • Most OTC medicines are used for common illnesses, injuries, and disorders. • When choosing an OTC: • Decide what kind of OTC will work for you. • Decide whether you want a generic or brand-name medicine. They often have the same active ingredients but different inactive ingredients. • Read the labels.
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 How to Read an OTC Label
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines • Long-term use of OTC medicines can cover up more serious problems. • If symptoms persist, consult a doctor. • Herbal remedies and dietary supplements are not regulated by the FDA the same way that drugs are. • Because they may have not been thoroughly tested, herbal remedies and dietary supplements may not be safe or effective.
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Possible Problems with Medicines • Allergic reactions are the most serious risks to taking medicines. • Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: • Itching all over the body • Swelling, especially in the mouth or throat • Wheezing or difficulty breathing • A pounding heart • Fainting and unconsciousness
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Possible Problems with Medicines • Side effects are more common problems than medicine allergies. • Drug interactions occur when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement to increase or decrease the effect of one of the substances. • Labels on OTC packages or drug information sheets describe possible drug interactions and may also list potential side effects.
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Using Medicines Wisely • Make yourself part of your own healthcare team. • Be prepared to ask questions. • Learn the facts about any medicine you take. • Listen to your body. • It’s not always safe to suddenly stop taking a drug. • Speak up and enlist your parents’ help.
Section2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Using Medicines Wisely
Chapter 9 Section3 Drugs and the Brain Preview • Bellringer • Key Ideas • How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work • The Path to Addiction • Addiction is a Treatable Disease
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 Bellringer • Write a response to the following statement: “If I want to use drugs, it’s my choice and it doesn’t affect anybody else beside me.”
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 Key Ideas • Describe how drugs that affect the brain work. • State how drugs can affect a person’s emotions. • Describehow addiction can develop from experimentation. • Summarize the role of withdrawal in maintaining a drug addiction. • Describe why addiction is considered a treatable and avoidable disease.
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work • Information processing in the brain takes place at the connections between neurons, called synapses. • Signals are passed across synapses by chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work • Some drugs affect the way neurons communicate by acting like neurotransmitters, blocking neurotransmitters, or changing the amount of neurotransmitters. • These changes can affect our moods and emotions.
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 Neural Changes Caused by Drug Use Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 The Path to Addiction • Addiction is a condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use. • Most drugs of abuse activate the brain reward system, which releases chemicals that give pleasure. • Pleasure alone does not cause addiction. • People who become addicts usually start by experimenting, then more regular use leads to a series of changes on the path to addiction.
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 The Path to Addiction
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 Addiction is a Treatable Disease • The symptoms that occur when a drug user stops using a drug are collectively called withdrawal. • Stopping drug use can be very difficult because the withdrawal symptoms are often very unpleasant.
Section3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9 Addiction is a Treatable Disease • Drug addiction is a brain disorder, and it is treatable. • Most communities offer a variety of treatment programs for addiction. • The best way to avoid addiction is to avoid drugs of abuse altogether.
Brain Food Video Quiz Chapter 9 Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that accompanies this chapter. Brain Food Video Quiz
