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American Diplomacy

American Diplomacy. At the Turn of the 20 th Century. Anti-Imperialists Disdain for European colonization Democracy over Monarchy Invulnerable -proximity Monroe Doctrine. Imperialists TRADE! Markets of Asia & Latin America Spread Christianity (Josiah Strong)

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American Diplomacy

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  1. American Diplomacy At the Turn of the 20th Century

  2. Anti-Imperialists Disdain for European colonization Democracy over Monarchy Invulnerable -proximity Monroe Doctrine Imperialists TRADE! Markets of Asia & Latin America Spread Christianity (Josiah Strong) Est. strategic military bases (Alfred Mahan) Monroe Doctrine Isolation vs. Expansion

  3. History • Monroe Doctrine 1823 • U. S. support of W. Hemisphere nations • Mexico: 1860 - French “protectorate” Seward threatened intervention • 1867 acquired Alaska & Midway Island • Widescale American investment & presence in Hawaii, Cuba, & Dominican Republic • Acquisition of several islands in the Pacific

  4. Emphasis on Strong Navy • Small & obsolete after Civil War • Cpt. Alfred Thayer Mahan • Rep. Henry Cabot Lodge • “Great White Fleet”

  5. Building a Pacific Empire • 1840s -est. some trade privileges in China • Ostend Manifesto (secret attempt to annex Cuba) • 1858 - Comm. Perry “opens” Japan • American sugar & pineapple plantations in Hawaii (as well as Mormon missionaries) • Attempts to depose Queen Lilioukalani

  6. Major Events & Issues • Venezuelan Crisis • Efforts to Annex Hawaii • Cuban Revolution & the Maine • Spanish-American War (Philippine phase) • Spanish-American War (invasion of Cuba) • Annexation of the Philippines • Imperialists & Anti-Imperialists

  7. Spanish American War (1898) • “The Splendid Little War” • Cuba • Monroe Doctrine • Most businesses in Cuba owned by Americans • Cubans declared independence in 1895, suffered greatly in their fight • “Remember the Maine” - U. S. S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, Feb. 15, 1898 • 260 sailors killed • Public outrage fueled by “yellow journalism” • President McKinley asked Congress for a war declaration on April, 11

  8. Spanish American War (1898) • Phase 1: Commodore Dewey attacked and defeated Spanish fleet in Manila (Philippines) – May 1, 1898. Captured the city on August 13,1898. • Filipino uprising led by Emelio Aguinaldo • Phase 2: Attack on Cuba & Puerto Rico • War ends: Aug. 12, 1898

  9. Results of Spanish American War • Cuban independence (heavy U. S. influence) • U. S. paid Spain $20 million for Philippines • U. S. obtained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Dominican Republic • Only 400 U. S. soldiers died in combat • United States established as a world military power • Hawaii was annexed as a “war measure.” • Debate over annexation of Philippines began

  10. Annexation and new policies • Anti-Imperialists vs. Imperialists • Foraker Act – Puerto Rico - limited govt. • Insular Cases – “The Constitution does NOT follow the flag.” • Teller Amendment – U. S. NEVER take over Cuba • Platt Amendment (1901) – Forced into Cuba’s Constitution – U. S. could intervene, Cuba could not go heavily into debt, U. S. base (Guantanamo)

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