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Roosevelt & American Diplomacy

After World War I, the United States, under Theodore Roosevelt, actively pursued a strategy of diplomacy to enhance its global influence, particularly in China and Latin America. The Open Door Policy aimed for equal trade access to China's vast markets, while the Boxer Rebellion highlighted the tensions between foreign powers and China’s nationalist movements. Roosevelt's construction of the Panama Canal symbolized American ambition and control, raising questions about the U.S. interventionist policies, including the Roosevelt Corollary, which justified American involvement in Latin America to maintain stability.

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Roosevelt & American Diplomacy

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  1. Roosevelt & American Diplomacy

  2. The U.S. Did Not Stop After the War • China was desirable to other nations (Russia, Germany, Britain, France, and Japan) • Huge population • A lot of markets – important for trade • The nations were seeking spheres of influence • Areas of economic & political control • Open Door Policy – U.S. would have equal access to China’s millions of consumers / all nations could trade freely in China

  3. What is going on in this picture? Who do you see?

  4. Boxer Rebellion • While nations were debating on which territories to control within China, secret Chinese societies (Righteous & Harmonious Fists) were organizing to get rid of the foreign presence • Members of the secret societies were “Boxers” • Boxers would rise up to take out the “foreign devils” • Result: destruction of foreign embassies in Beijing, killing 200+ foreigners

  5. Great White Fleet • Tensions were high between U.S. & Japan • Fought for influence in Asia • Agreed to respect each other’s territorial possessions • TR sent part of the U.S. Navy on a cruise around the world (Great White Fleet) • Designed to demonstrate the nation’s impressive naval power • this did not improve relations

  6. Panama Canal • 1901: McKinley was assassinated • Who becomes President? • Roosevelt tries to purchase rights to build canal across Panama (owned by Columbia at the time) but gets nowhere • A revolt in Panama led to Panamanian Independence

  7. What’s Up With That? Why would the U.S. want to set up a canal that runs between Central & South America? Hint: LOOK AT THE PICTURE

  8. Building the Canal • Let’s think about the Platt Amendment • What did it say? • November 6, 1903 • U.S. recognized Panama’s independence • 2 weeks later, John Hay signed a treaty with Cuba • Gave U.S. a 10 mile strip of land across the country • TR’s actions in Panama horrified many Latin Americans & angered Congress “I took the canal zone and let Congress debate…and while the debate goes on, the canal does also.” - TR

  9. Click on the picture for a video

  10. Panama Canal Pros Cons

  11. After the Canal was Built • Canal was completed in 1914 • Same year as what? • TR’s opponents did not like his methods of conquest but the average American approved The Canal today 

  12. Roosevelt Corollary • “Big Stick” diplomacy • The U.S. intervenes in LA affairs when necessary • Maintain stability in Western Hemisphere • 1905 – Dominican Republic had fallen behind in payments to European nations • TR sent American marines to collect money that was owed • After TR, Taft’s policy of intervention became known as dollar diplomacy • Use country’s wallet, rather than military muscle, to maintain peace

  13. What’s Up With That? • The United States used the Monroe Doctrine to warn Great Britain and other European powers not to intervene in Latin America. What was the purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary?

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