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The Interwar Years

The Interwar Years. USSR, Spain, Italy, China, and Japan The Rise of Totalitarianism and Aggression. Europe in 1919. An Explanation of Socialism Communism Capitalism Fascism.

robert-butler
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The Interwar Years

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  1. The Interwar Years • USSR, Spain, Italy, China, and Japan • The Rise of Totalitarianism and Aggression

  2. Europe in 1919

  3. An Explanation of SocialismCommunismCapitalismFascism

  4. Socialism* The gov’t controls all or most major industries - you pay heavy taxes but the gov’t provides healthcare and education and other social benefits. * There is some or little motivation to worker harder than the system demands. * You have some political rights.Communism* All workers “share” the industries and the output. * The gov’t controls all economic decisions, provides healthcare, education, and social benefits. * There is little or no motivation to worker harder than the system demands. *It is a very political system but you have no political rights

  5. Fascism * The gov’t takes what you produce that is valuable and in turn sells you what you need. * The gov’t controls all economic decisions, provides a militaristic and nationalistic education system. You are on your own for healthcare.*It is a very political system and very militaristic but you have no political rights* It is an us vs. them attitudeCapitalismYou have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull.

  6. Capitalism* You decide what to produce, who to sell to, and what to buy. Only the market forces of supply and demand influence economic prices, supplies, decisions * The gov’t provides safety regulations, national security, and a very basic level of education and some social benefits for the very poor but generally you are on your own for higher education, healthcare, housing, etc.* It can be a political system and you have many political rights

  7. SocialismYou have two cows. You keep one and give one to your neighbor.CommunismYou have two cows. The government takes them both and provides you with milk.FascismYou have two cows. The government takes them and sells you the milk.CapitalismYou have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull.

  8. What is Going On in Each Country

  9. USSR

  10. Russia Under Lenin

  11. Lenin Dies

  12. Lenin Dies! • Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

  13. USSR Stalin 1. came after Lenin 2. USSR not doing well economically 3. needs to industrialize

  14. The Five Year Plan • 5 Year Plan to bring USSR up to par • rapid industrialization • economic collectivization

  15. He decides to use his version of a New Economic Policy to bring USSR to a modern level. USSR How will he deal with those older Bolsheviks who don’t agree with him? The Great Purge

  16. New Economic Policy Stalin broke with Lenin in that his version of the NEP meant not just agricultural collectivization but a forced industrialization and collectivization • Gov’t retains control of heavy industries • communication • steel • transportation • banks

  17. The Five Year Plan • The Result?

  18. The Five Year Plan Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union, set in motion events designed to cause a famine in the Ukraine to destroy the people there seeking independence from his rule. As a result, an estimated 7,000,000 persons perished in this farming area, known as the breadbasket of Europe, with the people deprived of the food they had grown with their own hands. • The Purge

  19. Stalin’s Dictatorship • Gulag Labor Camps

  20. Spain

  21. Nationalists vs. Republicans Spain

  22. Spain Begins w/ military group led by conservative general Francisco Franco against the elected gov’t of the Second Spanish Republic

  23. Spain was left militarily and politically divided. From that moment onwards General Franco began a protracted war of attrition against the legally established government, as loyalist supporters of the centre-left Republican Government fought the rebel forces for control of the country. Spain

  24. Spain Spain’s bloody civil war brought other nations into the home war: A volunteer force of Americans traveled to Spain to support democratic values and freedom under the Second Republic of Spain. They are called The Abraham Lincoln Brigade

  25. Meanwhile, American corporations such as Texaco, General Motors, Ford Motors, and The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company greatly assisted the conservative, fascist, Nationalist army, furnishing a regular supply of trucks, tires, machine tools, and fuel Spain

  26. Spain Spain’s bloody civil war brought other nations into the home war: Germany and Italy sent forces to support the conservative nationalists (i.e. fascists) Foreshadowing the conflict: Salvador Dalí's Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)

  27. Pablo Picasso’s Guernica Spain

  28. Spain Dictator Francisco Franco A Fascist Regime

  29. Italy

  30. Italy

  31. Italy

  32. Italy

  33. China

  34. China

  35. That nationalist feeling the Boxer Rebellion generated stayed with the Chinese people • The Kuomintang = Nationalist Party was born • Leader Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)

  36. They wanted a constitution, civil liberties, and a modern economy • 1911 The Chinese overthrew the Empress • A 4000 year old monarchy was dead! • A new China was born

  37. Except is wasn’t all good. • Sun Yixian couldn’t keep control • Warlords came • Sun Yixian fled to Japan • KMT (Nationalists or the Kuomintang) tried to control the warlords • Of all the foreign powers only the USSR would help

  38. The KMT splits when Sun Yixian died in 1925 • New leader is of conservative right is Chiang Kai-shek. *he controls the army • The new leader of the liberal left is Mao Zedong Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong

  39. Chiang Kai-shek runs the KMT and runs the Communists out to the countryside. Mao Zedong and his commuinist followers begin the Long March

  40. 1934. Chinese Communists 86,000 begin the Long March- 4,000 miles only 10,000 survive China

  41. MEANWHILE.... • The Japanese begin to encroach on Chinese resource rich territory • This invasion & the Chiang Kai-shek’s inability to protect the Chinese people will push many Chinese to Mao Zedong’s side. • In particular, the peasants begin to trust Mao more...and there a LOT of peasants in China

  42. LATER... • Eventually Chiang Kai-shek will flee to Taiwan Island (the other China) • Mao Zedong will take over China after World War II • China will become Communist

  43. Cold War Fears

  44. Tiananmen Massacre 1989

  45. Japan

  46. Meiji Restoration • All things Western • Modern industrial and military power • Japan began to expand its own imperialistic empire • need raw materials/markets • want to show modernity to the West

  47. Russo Japanese War 1904

  48. Japan & Manchuria • Manchuria is resource rich • Japan has growing industrial economy • Russian threat in Manchuria was large

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