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Routing(CIP, NHRP, MPOA)

Routing(CIP, NHRP, MPOA). 한 치 문. Contents. ATM vs. Internet Protocol IP Technologies & Interworking Protocols IP Forwarding ---- IP over ATM Routing over Large Cloud ---- NHRP IP Multicasting ---- MARS Integrated Services. Internet Protocol Suite.

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Routing(CIP, NHRP, MPOA)

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  1. Routing(CIP, NHRP, MPOA) 한 치 문

  2. Contents • ATM vs. Internet Protocol • IP Technologies & Interworking Protocols • IP Forwarding ---- IP over ATM • Routing over Large Cloud ---- NHRP • IP Multicasting ---- MARS • Integrated Services

  3. Internet Protocol Suite Mapping hostname & IP address Remote host access Transparent file access e-mail Reachability test File Transmission Web access Network Management Diskless system Ping Telnet FTP SMTP HTTP Trace Route DNS SNMP NFS BOOTP TCP UDP Transport ICMP IP IGMP Network ARP Data Link RARP Data Link Physical Media

  4. Network Interworking using Router FTP client FTP client FTP protocol TCP TCP TCP protocol Router IP IP IP protocol IP protocol IP Ethernet driver Ethernet driver Interworking protocol Interworking protocol Ethernet protocol WAN Ethernet

  5. ATM의 위치 • ATM은 고속의 전달 기능 수행 • 물리 계층 프로토콜 • Network 계층과의 정합을 위한 프로토콜 필요 • 고속의 switched path 제공 Network Layer(IP, IPX, SNA) Ethernet Token ring FDDI Protocol ATM X.25 Frame relay Data link Physical layer LAN WAN

  6. IP-ATM Address Mapping - Address Resolution - Logical IP subnet LAN IPaddr-4 IPaddr-5 Router IPaddr-2 ATMaddr-2 IPaddr-1 ATMaddr-1 IPaddr-3 ATMaddr-3 ATM Network ARP server

  7. IP-MAC-ATM Address Mapping IPaddr-3 - Address Resolution - Logical IP subnet LAN MACaddr-3 Upper IPaddr-1 IPaddr-2 IPaddr-4 IP MACaddr-4 ARP MAC MACaddr-2 ATMaddr-2 Bridge MACaddr-1 ATMaddr-1 ATMaddr-3 PHY Ethernet ATM Network LES(LAN Emulation Server) BUS(Broadcast & Unknown Server)

  8. LANE Service & Protocol

  9. (4)ARP table IP addr ATM addr ARP 서버는 LIS내 모든 IWF과 PVC/SVC로 접속 되어야 함 1.1.10.1 Add1 1.1.10.2 Add2 ARP Server 1.1.3.2 1.1.2.2 (3)ARP_req(1.1.10.2) 수신단말 송신단말 PVC/SVC 1.1.3.1 1.1.2.1 (5)ARP_res(Add2) Add1 Add2 (6)Signalling IWF-1 IWF-2 LAN LAN 1.1.10.1 1.1.10.2 1.1.2.2 1.1.2.2 (7) (1)IP packet (8)IP packet ATM Network IP addr Next hop IP addr Next hop 1.1.2.x 1.1.10.2 1.1.3.x 1.1.10.1 (2)Routing table ATM Switch IWF IWF LAN UNI LAN ARP Server IP over ATM Protocol

  10. New Requirements for IP service over ATM • Routing over Large Cloud • ARP over large cloud ==> NHRP • LANE + NHRP + Router ==> MPOA • IP Multicasting • Multicasting in a router ==> Multicasting in a ATM network • MARS(Multicast Address Resolution Server) • Integrated IP Services • Best effort service ==> Conventional IP service • Guaranteed service ==> RSVP • Controlled load services==> RSVP NHRP: Next Hop Resolution Protocol MPOA: Multiprotocol over ATM RSVP: Reservation Protocol

  11. ATM망을 인터넷 접속용으로 사용 대학 일반 기업 특정 가입자들간에만 통신할 수 있는 논리망 구축 ATM WAN을 이용한 기업망 구축 특정 서비스를 위한 소규모 그룹간 통신 데이터 서비스를 위한 공중망 가입자 형태 기업망 인터넷 접속 Internet backbone Subnet-1 Subnet-2 ATM Network ATM Network Router Router

  12. NHS2 NHS3 NHS1 NHS4 NHRP_ Request NHRP_ Reply LIS1 LIS2 LIS3 LIS4 Router Router NHRP(Next Hop Resolution Protocol) • ARP 프로토콜 • Logical IP의 범위를 벗어나는 경우에도 주소변환 가능 • 주소변환 프로토콜만 기술되어 있음

  13. Multiprotocol over ATM Multiprotocol over ATM IETF Multicast Address Resolution Next Hop Resolution Protocol Routing Bridging LAN Emulation(LANE)

  14. Multiprotocol over ATM(MPOA) MPOA Client MPOA Server MPOA Router MPOA Host Edge Device NHS 3계층 Forwarding Engine LEC LEC Routing Engine LEC: LAN Emulation Client NHS: Next Hop Server ELAN: Emulated LAN MPOA Host MPOA Host MPOA Host Edge Device ELAN ELAN ELAN Edge Device MPOA Router MPOA Router Edge Device Edge Device MPOA Host

  15. Default Path ELAN-2 Router-1 (MPS) Router-2 (MPS) Default Path Default Path ELAN-1 ELAN-3 Host Shortcut Path ATM Host (MPC) Edge Device (MPC) LAN ELAN ELAN Default ELAN LAN NHRP Request NHRP Request Shortcut MPOA Request NHRP Response NHRP Response MPOA Reply Shortcut LAN MPC: MPOA Client MPS: MPOA Server ELAN: Emulated LAN MPOA 데이터 전달 과정

  16. Source S R R R DVMRP or MOSPF or PIM D R R R R IGMP D D D D IP Multicasting DVMRP: Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol MOSPF: Multicast Open Shortest Path First PIM: Protocol Independent Multicasting IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol Destination

  17. Multicast Address Resolution Server(MARS) • ClusterControlVCC • Group membership 변화를 LIS에 방송하기 위한 P-to-MP • Multicast Address Resolution • Router는 멀티캐스트 그룹 및 ATM 주소 등록 • 송신노드는 그룹 멤버들의 ATM 주소를 MARS에게 질의 • 송신노드는 P-to-MP 연결에 멤버(수신노드) 추가 MARS MARS Req MARS Multi Router-2 ClusterControlVC LIS Router-1 Router-3 P-to-MP

  18. P-to-MP vs. MCS MCS VC meshes 1 none additional hops yes no bottleneck node low high signaling overhead low high VC resources usage high(larger LISs) low scalability no no QoS support

  19. IP vs ATM ATM IP RSVP Connectionless Connection oriented I.364, IP switching InteServ Best effort Guaranteed service IP switching Routing Switching Integration Dynamic routing PNNI Static routing

  20. Integrated Service Model • RFC 1633, Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an overview • Integrated service model • A reference implementation frame work • Background • Real-time application support on IP network • Resource reservation by flows: Flow specific state in the router • Explicit reservation setup mechanism • Services • Best-effort service • Guaranteed service • Guaranteed delay & bandwidth • Controlled-load service • Closely approximating the QoS

  21. Implementation Model for Routers Routing Agent RSVP Management Agent Background Code Admission Control Routing Database Traffic Control Database Packet scheduler Forwarding Path Classifier Input Driver Internet Forwarder Output Driver

  22. RSVP(Reservation Protocol) • RSVP Working Group • Allows applications to reserve network resources • Flow • Flowspec • Implemented in hosts and routers • Structure and content of QoS parameters: Defined by IntServ • RSVP Attributes • Multicast or unicast data delivery • Dynamic group membership change and route change • Simplex: reserve only one direction • Receiver initiation: scalability • Routing protocol independence • Transparent operation to non-RSVP router • IPv6 and IPv6 support

  23. RSVP/IntSer vs. ATM

  24. ATM address or VCC P-to-MP connection IP QoS 파라메터 매핑 • ATM은 다양한 QoS 제공 • Guaranteed service • Best effort service • Integrated Internet Service를 위한 프로토콜 필요 • ARP, IP Multicast service over ATM • QoS signalling Best effort IP address RSVP IP network Controlled load Guaranteed IP QoS IP Multicasting ABR/UBR Signalling ATM network VBR CBR ATM QoS

  25. IP Layer MAC LANE IP over ATM(ARP) Existing Protocol(RIP, OSPF) MARS/P-to-MP or MARS/MCS ??? NHRP OSPF, I-PNNI, TDP IP Packet Forwarding IP Routing(RIP, OSPF) IP Multicasting InteServ/RSVP ARP over Large Cloud Routing over Large Cloud MPOA Protocols for Data over ATM LANE: LAN Emulation ARP: Address Resolution Protocol RIP: Routing Information Protocol OSPF: Open Shortest Path First MARS: Multicast Address Resolution Server MCS: Multicast Server RSVP: Reservation Protocol NHRP: Next Hop Resolution Protocol I-PNNI: Integrated PNNI TDP: Tag Distribution Protocol

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