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Influenza

Influenza. Jessica Holttum and Jordan Standlee. Outline. Statistics Molecular Biology Symptoms Transmission Treatment Infamous Strains Conclusion. Annual Statistics. 5-20% of U.S. infected 200,000 hospitalized 3-5 million severe cases worldwide 250,000-500,000 deaths

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Influenza

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  1. Influenza Jessica Holttum and Jordan Standlee

  2. Outline • Statistics • Molecular Biology • Symptoms • Transmission • Treatment • Infamous Strains • Conclusion

  3. Annual Statistics • 5-20% of U.S. infected • 200,000 hospitalized • 3-5 million severe cases worldwide • 250,000-500,000 deaths • 300 million doses of vaccine administered worldwide Source: cdc.gov

  4. Molecular Biology • Enveloped virus • HA and NA proteins • Hemagglutinin • Neuraminidase • “H1N1” • 3 subtypes • A – animals/humans • B – humans only • C - asymptomatic Source: www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu

  5. Molecular Biology • (-) ssRNA genome • ~14,000nt total; 8 segments Source: www.virology.ws

  6. Symptoms • Last about a week • 1-2 day incubation • May include: • Fever/chills • Cough • Sore throat • Runny/stuffy nose • Muscle/Headaches • Fatigue • Vomiting/diarrhea Source: newshealth.net

  7. Potential complications • Bacterial pneumonia • Ear/sinus infections • Bronchitis • Worsening of preexisting conditions • Asthma • Diabetes • Congestive heart disease • Link to schizophrenia

  8. Transmission • Inhalation of infected fluid particles • Hand-to-mouth contact • Flu “season” • Not due to temperature • Bad weather  people stay indoors  extended close contact with others Source: shanghaiist.com

  9. Treatment • Rest • Vitamin C & A • Fluids • Hot drinks/soup • OTC Medication • Antivirals • Prevention • Avoid crowds • Cover coughs, sneezes • Wash hands • Skip school/work Source: recipesfromhome-online.com

  10. Vaccine • 2 types • TIV • Injection • Dead virus • LAIV • Nasal spray • Attenuated virus • Cold-adapted Source: IFPMA

  11. Spanish Flu • H1N1 • 1/3 world population infected • 30-50 million dead • 675,000 in U.S. • Over half were age 20-40 • Transmission linked to high humidity • 3 waves in one year • Spring 1918 • Fall 1918 • Winter 1918-1919 • “Mother of all pandemics” Source: 1918.pandemicflu.gov

  12. Avian Flu • H5N1 • First detected 1996 • Human detection 1997 • Outbreak begins 2003 • Rare in humans; common in birds • Attacks lower respiratory tract • ~60% mortality • Expected to remain in circulation Source: hogueprophecy.com

  13. Swine flu • H1N1 • Less virulent • Quadruple reassortant • First case 2009, California • Public Health Emergency expired 6/23/10 • Likely to continue seasonal spread Source: freewebs.com

  14. Sources • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination/vax-s • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/types.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/ • http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/hospital.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2010/r100224.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/fluvaccine.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/outbreaks/current.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no01/05-0979.htm • http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ • http://1918.pandemicflu.gov • http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/viruses/influenzavirus.html • http://biology.kenyon.edu/BMB/Chime2/2005/Cerchiara-Holsberry/FRAMES/start.htm

  15. Sources • http://www.pdb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/pdb113_1.html • http://www.ifpma.org/Influenza/index.php?id=4234 • http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/the-flu/treatment.html • http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/notes/h1n1_vaccine_20090806/en/index.htmlummary.htm • http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html • http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_04_24/en/index.html • http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/2011_01_24_h5n1_avian_influenza_timeline_updates.pdf • http://www.virology.ws/2009/05/01/influenza-virus-rna-genome/ • http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/08/040803100609.htm • http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/142829.php • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307188 • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000080.htm • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/flu.html

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