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The Reproductive Body: Flowers

The Reproductive Body: Flowers. PBIO 369 Fall 2010. Reproductive Body. Shoot. Vegetative Body. Root. Parts of a Flower. Four whorls of the flower:. Set of sepals = Calyx Set of petals = Corolla Set of stamens = Androecium Pistil (or set of pistils) = Gynoecium.

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The Reproductive Body: Flowers

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  1. The Reproductive Body: Flowers PBIO 369 Fall 2010

  2. Reproductive Body Shoot Vegetative Body Root

  3. Parts of a Flower

  4. Four whorls of the flower: • Set of sepals = Calyx • Set of petals = Corolla • Set of stamens = Androecium • Pistil (or set of pistils) = Gynoecium

  5. A flower that has all four whorls is said to be both complete and perfect.

  6. Japanese knotweed: flowers lack a calyx and are therefore incomplete

  7. Begonia: flowers are imperfect staminate pistillate (This is another way of saying that the flowers are unisexual.)

  8. Red Maple plants are dioecious. staminate dioecious: ‘two houses’ pistillate

  9. Box elder is also dioecious...

  10. Bur-reed plants are monoecious. monoecious: ‘one house’

  11. as is corn.

  12. Petals may be separate ...

  13. or they may be fused

  14. Symmetry Water lily: symmetry is radial

  15. Symmetry orchid: symmetry is bilateral

  16. Gynoecium Structure

  17. Carpel Ovary The terms carpel and pistil are often used interchangeably, but …

  18. In a compound pistil, the carpel is a subunit of the pistil In a simple pistil, carpel = pistil

  19. compound pistil simple pistil

  20. Three possibilities for gynoecium structure: • One simple pistil per flower (e.g., pea) • Two or more simple pistils per flower (e.g., buttercup, strawberry) • One compound pistil per flower (e.g., cucumber)

  21. One simple pistil per flower ...

  22. Two or more simple pistils per flower ...

  23. One compound pistil per flower

  24. Placentation

  25. How to determine the number of carpels in a compound pistil? • If the placentation is axile, count the number of locules (chambers) in the ovary • If the placentation is parietal, count the number of placentae

  26. How to determine the number of carpels in a compound pistil? • If the pistil has more than one style and/or stigma, count them • If the fruit is dehiscent (opens up), count the number of seams

  27. If ovary is: Flower is: • Superior hypogynous • Inferior epigynous • Half-inferior perigynous

  28. Hypanthium - A floral cup or tube formed by the fusion of the basal portions of the sepals, petals, and stamens, and from which the rest of the floral parts arise.

  29. Pistils Pistils

  30. Liliaceae - the Lily Family

  31. Vegetative attributes: • Perennial herbs • Stems = bulbs, rhizomes, corms • Leaves alternate or basal, simple, entire, parallel-veined

  32. Reproductive Attributes:Ca3 Co3 A6G(3)orḠ(3 Floral dagram, Liliaceae Flowers actinomorphic, in spikes, racemes, panicles or umbels. Perianth with 6 petaloid tepals, two similar whorls Androecium of 6 stamens Pistil compound of 3 carpels, 3 locules, single style; ovary superior or inferior Fruit a capsule or berry

  33. Economic importance: • Ornamentals, such as day lilies and tulips • Edibles, such as chives, garlic, onion, asparagus, leeks • Medicinal uses from aloe and agave • Tequila from agave

  34. In recent years, the Liliaceae sensu lato has been split up to yield: • Liliaceae sensu stricto (trout lily) • Trilliaceae (wake robin) • Convallariaceae (Canada mayflower) • Alstromeriaceae (alstromeria) • Smilacaceae (greenbriar) • Alliaceae (wild leeks) • Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) • and more

  35. Liliaceae - local flora Trillium grandiflorum White trillium Erythronium americanum Trout lily Clintonia borealis Blue-bead lily Streptopus roseus Rose twisted stalk Maianthemum canadense Canada mayflower

  36. Veratrum viride False Hellebore a toxic member of the lily family

  37. calyx subtended by 2 bracts (that appear to be part of the calyx) calyx ebracteate (it lacks bracts, or, better said, the bracts don’t appear to be part of the calyx)

  38. Caryophyllaceae The Pink Family Ca 5 Co 5 A 5-10G2-5 Saponaria officianalis • Herbs with opposite leaves and swollen nodes • Flowers radially symmetrical • Fruit a denticidal capsule • Little economic importance ( a few ornamentals, e.g., carnation)

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