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The Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution. Steel. Second Industrial Revolution – a period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing in the late 1800’s. U.S. is the world’s industrial leader by mid 1890’s Bessemer process  Increases the efficiency in which iron ore is turned into steel

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The Second Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Second Industrial Revolution

  2. Steel • Second Industrial Revolution – a period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing in the late 1800’s. • U.S. is the world’s industrial leader by mid 1890’s • Bessemer process  Increases the efficiency in which iron ore is turned into steel • What was built across the United States during the 1800’s that we talked about in our last unit that required a lot of steel? • U.S. places tarriffs on foreign steel

  3. Riding the Rails • As steel drops, so too does the cost of riding the railroads • George Pullman’s  Sleeping cars • The invention of airbrakes makes travel by train much safer

  4. Cornelius Vanderbilt • Vanderbilt University is named for him • 1794-1877 • Nicknamed the “Colossus of Roads” • Built his wealth on shipping and the railroad industry • At the time of his death he was worth approximately $150,000,000 • How much does that equate to in 2012 dollars?

  5. $3,000,000,000

  6. New Sources of Light and Power • Petroleum as a power source  Kerosene • Oil Industry booms • Electricity • Thomas Edison • Has over 1,000 patents • 1879 the lightbulb is invented • 1880’s, George Westinghouse establishes power plants and electricity soon powers homes across the country

  7. Advances in Communications • Telegraph continues to be improved • Transatlantic cable is run in 1861 • Drawbacks of the telegraph • Only written messages • Difficult for untrained people to use • Alexander Graham Bell • Invents the telephone • Required thousands of miles of wires to be installed. • Boston and New York City were connected by phone in 1884

  8. Automobiles and Planes • 1876 the gasoline powered engine is invented by Nikolaus A. Otto • By the early 1900’s thousands of cars were being built in the United States • Early on cars were too expensive for the average person • Gradually the price drops, roads are improved, traffic laws are passed, and the driving test is administered

  9. Driving Test • What are the green signs on roads called? • What is the speed limit on the autobahn in Germany?

  10. Automobiles and Planes 2 • Orville and Wilbur Wright • Originally bicycle makers • Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903 the first piloted flight took place • Flew about 100 feet for approximately 12 seconds

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