1. Patterns of Inheritance

2. Mutations • Mutation: change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule • Occur infrequently due to natural and environmental factors • Faulty replication • Ionizing radiation = x-rays

3. Somatic or sex cell mutations • Inherited : mutation in gamete • Sickle cell anemia • NOT inherited : mutation in body cell • Golden delicious apples • Golden color in wall of flower

5. Mutations Chromosome Deletion Inversion Translocation Nondisjunction

6. Point mutation= a nucleotide is added, removed, or changed Frameshift = addition or deletion causes the DNA to shift a frame ( Codons)

7. Pedigrees With disease Male I Not w/disease Female II III

8. Autosomal Dominant: State if the pedigree is true or false • If neither parent has the Autosomal trait, the offspring won’t receive it. • If both parents have the trait, the offspring might not get it.

9. Autosomal Recessive: State if the pedigree is true or false • If neither parent has the disease, it is possible for the offspring to have it.

10. X-linked traits State if the pedigree is true or false • An infected male can not pass the trait to his son. • An affected mother can not pass it to a daughter if the father is not affected.