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Advanced Texture Synthesis Techniques for Natural Terrain Generation

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Explore innovative methods in texture synthesis to create realistic terrain and textures. Techniques such as 2D Perlin noise sampling, altitude-based 1D and 2D texture mapping, and reaction-diffusion systems enhance the detail and realism of rolling hills and landscapes. These procedures leverage non-parametric sampling, patch-based synthesis, and pixel-based techniques to generate textures that adequately represent natural environments. Dive into the history and evolution of texture synthesis with references to groundbreaking works by Gardner, Perlin, and contemporary strategies in texture mapping.

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Advanced Texture Synthesis Techniques for Natural Terrain Generation

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  1. Texture Synthesis

  2. No Texture • Using a sampling of 2D perlin Noise provides smooth hills.

  3. Terrain Coloring • Using a 1D texture map based on the altitude can provide many useful mapping.

  4. Terrain Coloring • Striped 1D texture map.

  5. Terrain Coloring • Using a 2D texture map provides richer detail, but is independent of the terrain.

  6. Terrain Coloring • More advanced coloring is based on altitude and slope.

  7. Rolling Hills • Flowers, trees, paths, …

  8. Procedural texture synthesis • [Gardner 85] sum a small number of sine waves of different periods and amplitudes. • [Perlin 85]use band-limited noise function • [Turing 52] Reaction-diffusion system in developmental biology. Two or more chemicals can diffuse through an embryo and react with each other until a stable pattern of chemical concentration is reached.

  9. Reaction-diffusion Texture buttons – Andrew Witkin and Michael Kass

  10. Texture synthesis on surfaces • Retiling • Sprinkle some new vertices onto the mesh • Space them uniformly over the mesh using point repulsion. • Remove old vertices and re-triangulate • Create a hierarchy of meshes • Neighborhood Construction: • flatten a set of nearby vertices • resample the flattened patch

  11. Point Repulsion

  12. Point Repulsion

  13. Mutual Tesselation

  14. Neighborhood Construction

  15. Neighborhood Construction

  16. Texture Synthesis on meshes

  17. Texture Synthesis on meshes

  18. Texture Synthesis on meshes

  19. 2D Texture Synthesis nxm Input Texture NxM Output Texture • The goal: Synthesize an output texture which isperceptually similarto the input texture. Also ensure that the result contains sufficient variation.

  20. Tiled Textures • Take up little texture memory

  21. Visual Comparison Synthetic tilable texture Simple tiling Synthesized texture

  22. Existing (and Impressive) Technology • Pixel-Based: • Non-parametric Sampling [Efros and Leung 1999] • Tree-structured Vector Quantization [Wei and Levoy 2000] • Synthesizing Natural Textures [Ashikhmin 2001] • Image Analogies [Hertzmann et al. 2001] • Patch-Based: • Patch-Based Sampling [Guo et al. 2001] • Image Quilting [Efros and Freeman 2001] • Hierarchical Pattern Mapping [Soler et al. 2002]

  23. Pixel-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Step n in Algorithm

  24. Pixel-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Build L-shaped Neighborhood

  25. Pixel-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Find Matching Neighborhood(s) in Input

  26. Pixel-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Select Best Neighborhood from all Candidates

  27. Pixel-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Copy Selected Pixel to Output

  28. Pixel-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Repeat for all Pixels in this Row...

  29. Pixel-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output ...and all other Output Rows

  30. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Step n in Algorithm

  31. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Patch to be Synthesized in this Step

  32. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Build Neighborhood (Image Mask)

  33. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Find Matching Neighborhood(s) in Input

  34. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Select Best Neighborhood from all Candidates

  35. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Copy Selected Patch to Output

  36. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Apply some Overlap RepairStrategy ...

  37. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output ... And we are done with this patch

  38. Patch-Based Texture Synthesis Input Output Repeat for all Patches in Output

  39. Texture Synthesis • Solid texture from 2D views • Heeger & Bergen 1995 • Ghazanfarpour & Dischler 1999 2D Source 3D result Images from [Heeger&Bergen 1995]

  40. Previous Work • Texture varying, morphing, and mixture • Portilla & Simoncelli 1999 • Bar-Joseph, El-Yaniv, Lichinski, Werman 2001 • Z. Liu, C. Liu, Shum, Yu 2003 • PVT paper in SIGGRAPH 2003 Source 1 morphing Source 2 Image from [Portilla&Simoncelli 1999]

  41. Brodatz Results aluminum wire reptile skin

  42. More Brodatz Results french canvas rafia weave

  43. More Results wood granite

  44. More Results white bread brick wall

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