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Human Heredity

Human Heredity. Karyotype. Photograph of condensed chromosomes Pair homologous chromosomes. Chromosomes. Autosomes: non-sex chromosomes Sex chromosomes: determine gender ½. Pedigree. Chart showing a trait in a family. Traits: controlled by >1 gene environment effects expression.

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Human Heredity

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  1. Human Heredity

  2. Karyotype • Photograph of condensed chromosomes • Pair homologous chromosomes

  3. Chromosomes • Autosomes: non-sex chromosomes • Sex chromosomes: determine gender ½

  4. Pedigree • Chart showing a trait in a family. • Traits: • controlled by >1 gene • environment effects expression

  5. Blood Group Genes • Rh group: + (dominate) – (recessive) • ABO group

  6. Recessive Alleles • Genetic Disorders caused by two non-functional recessive alleles. • PKU: unable to break down phenylalanine. • Tay-Sachs: nervous system break down, and death in first few years.

  7. Dominate Alleles • Genetic disorders caused by one non-functioning dominate allele. • Achondroplasia: dwarfism • Huntington’s Disease: loss of muscle control and mental function.

  8. Cystic Fibrosis • Common with individuals with N. Europe ancestors. • Cells in the person’s airways are unable to transport Cl-. • Airways become clogged with mucus.

  9. Cystic Fibrosis

  10. Codominate Alleles • Sickle Cell Disease: • 1:500 African Americans • bent, twisted, & rigid RBC • clog capillaries • physical weakness, damage to the heart, brain, and spleen • common in countries with malaria

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