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ENGINEERING GRAPHICS By R.Nathan Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS By R.Nathan Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering. C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301. I - SEMESTER 20.09.2012. UNIT – 1 BASICS OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS. Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes.

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ENGINEERING GRAPHICS By R.Nathan Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering

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  1. ENGINEERING GRAPHICSBy R.NathanAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical Engineering C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 20.09.2012

  2. UNIT – 1BASICS OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  3. PENCIL GRADES Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  4. Types of Lines Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  5. Types of Lines Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  6. Example for Lines Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  7. Pencil Holding Technique Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  8. ALPHABETS FOR TITLE BLOCK Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  9. ALPHABETS FOR TITLE BLOCK(FOR LEFT HAND USERS) Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  10. LIST OF DRAWING EQUIPMENTS & MATERIALS • DRAWING BOARD • MINI DRAFTER • DRAWING SHEET • PENCILS (HB, 2H, 4H, 2B, 4B etc…) • NON DUST RUBBER • SCALES (150 mm & 300 mm) • INSTRUMENT BOX • SET SQUARES (30°, 45°, 60° etc..) • DRAWING BOARD CLIPS, CLAMPS, PINS, CELLO TAPE • PROTECTOR or PROCIRCLE or CIRCLE MASTER • PENCIL SHARPENER • SMALL PAPER KNIFE or STITCHING THREAD to cut the sheetS • A HANDKERCHIEF or HAND TOWEL Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  11. DRAWING BOARD ERASER SCALES Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  12. COMPASS Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes BOW COMPASS C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  13. DIVIDER BOW DIVIDER SET SQUARES Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  14. DRAWING CLIPS, CLAMPS, PROTRACTOR Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  15. PAPER KNIFE or STITCHING THREAD CIRCLE MASTER or PRO-CIRCLE Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  16. ROLLER MINI DRAFTER INSTRUMENT BOX Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  17. HOW TO KEEP DRAWING SHEET CLEAN ALWAYS CLEAN YOUR HANDS & INSTRUMENTS BEFORE FIXING THE DRAWING SHEET HANDS SHOULD BE FREQUENTLY WIPED WITH CLEAN HANDKERCHIEF THE SET SQUARES MAY BE LIGHTLY MOVE WITH THE FINGER NAILS WHILE USING CLEAN PENCIL SMULGE WITH A CLEAN CLOTH THE RUBBER PPOWER OF PENCIL IS REMOVED AWAY FROM THE DRAWING SHEET DRAWING SHEET SHOULD BE ERASED WITH A SOFT RUBBER ONLY REMOVE RUBBER DUST WITH A CLEAN PIECE OF CLOTH or HANDKERCHIEF DO NOT KEEP ANYTHING or ARTICLE ON THE DRAWING SHEET AVOID UNNECCESARY RUBBING OF LINES DO NOT TOUCH DRAWING SHEET WITH DIRECT HANDS Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  18. DIMENSIONING ARROWS Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes SYMBOLS C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  19. TYPES OF DIMENSIONING 1. CHAIN DIMENSIONING 2. DIMENSIONING FROM A COMMON FEATURE Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes 3. PARALLEL DIMENSIONING C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  20. TYPES OF DIMENSIONING 4. SUPER IMPOSED RUNNING DIMENSIONING 5. COMBINED DIMENSIONING 6. PROGRESSIVE DIMENSIONING Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  21. SYSTEM OF PLACING DIMENSION 1. ALIGNED SYSTEM 2. UNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  22. TYPES OF DIMENSIONING DIMENSIONING IN THE HATCHING DIMENSIONING ANGLES DIMENSIONING CIRCLES DIMENSIONING ARCS Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  23. CORRECT & INCORRECT METHODS OF DIMENSIONING CORRECT METHOD INCORRECT METHOD Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  24. TYPES OF TRIANGLES Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  25. CONSTRUCTION OF TRIANGLES 1. Construct an equilateral triangle given the length of the side = 50 mm Solution:- Method – 1 (using Compass) Draw a line AB of 50 mm length With centres A & B and radius equal to 50 mm draw arcs intersecting each other at C Draw lines joining C with A and B. Now, ABC is the required equilateral triangle Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  26. CONSTRUCTION OF TRIANGLES 2. Construct an equilateral triangle given the length of the side = 50 mm Solution:- Method – 2(using Set Squares) Draw a line AB of 50 mm length Draw a line through A, making 60° angle with AB Similarly through B, draw a line making the same angle with AB Intersecting point is C Now, ABC is the required equilateral triangle Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  27. CONSTRUCTION OF TRIANGLES 3. Construct a triangle given the altitude = 55 mm and two base angles = 40° and 65° Solution:- Let ∟A and ∟B are the given base angles and CD be the altitude Steps Involved:- Draw a base line of any convenient length Draw a ┴ at a point D Make CD equal to the given altitude = 55 mm Through C, draw a line EF ║ to AB Make ∟ECA = 40°, ∟FCB = 65° Thus ABC is the required triangle Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  28. CONSTRUCTION OF SQUARE • Construct a square ABCD with AB = 60 mm Solution:- Steps Involved:- Draw a line segment AB of 60 mm At A, draw a perpendicular at B. With A as centre, 60 mm as radius draw an arc and to intersect the ┴ to get the point D With B as centre, 60 mm as radius draw an arc and to intersect the ┴ through B, to get the point C. Now ABCD, is the perfect square Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  29. CONSTRUCTION OF RECTANGLE • Construct a rectangle PQRS when PG = 70 mm, QR = 50 mm Solution:- Steps Involved:- Draw a line segment PQ of 70 mm long At P and Q erect perpendiculars With P as centre, 50 mm as radius draw an arc, to cut the ┴ at the point S With Q as centre, 50 mm as radius draw an arc, to cut the ┴ at the point R Join R with S Now PQRS is the required rectangle Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  30. CONSTRUCTION OF RHOMBUS • Construct a rhombus ABCD, having its side equal to 40 mm and base angle at B of 105° Solution:- Let us use the properties of rhombus here. “All sides of a rhombus are equal” Steps Involved:- Draw a line segment AB of 40 mm length At B, draw a line BX at an angle of 105° B as centre 40 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the line BX. Intersection point is C With A and C as centres, 40 mm as radius draw arcs, intersecting point is D Join A with D and C with D Thus ABCD is the required rhombus Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  31. CONSTRUCTION OF RHOMBUS • Construct a rhombus PQRS with diagonals 46 mm and QS = 60 mm Solution:- We know that, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles Steps Involved:- Draw a line segment QS of 60 mm length Draw a bisector of QS which passes through the point O With O as centre, ½ PR (23 mm) as radius draw arcs above and below to cut the ┴ bisector. Intersection points are P & R Draw lines joining P with Q & S. Thus PQRS is the required rhombus Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  32. CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRILATERAL • Construct a Quadrilateral with AB = 45 mm, BC = 55 mm, CD = 40 mm, AD = 60 mm, AC = 70 mm. Solution:- From our earlier classes, we learnt that, to draw a quadrilateral, minimum five dimensions are required. Let u now draw this quadrilateral. Steps Involved:- Draw AB of 45 mm length With B as centre, 55 mm as radius draw an arc With A as centre, 70 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the previous arc at the point C With C as centre, 40 mm as radius draw an arc With A as centre, 60 mm as radius cut the previous arc to get the intersection point D Draw lines joining D with C and A Thus ABCD is the required quadrilateral Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  33. CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPEZIUM • Construct a trapezium ABCD, having its sides AD = 30 mm, DC = 25 mm, CB = 35 mm and the difference of parallel sides is 20 mm Solution:- Steps Involved:- Draw a line segment AB of 45 mm, difference between parallel sides = 20 mm (20 + 25=45 mm) With A as centre and 30 mm as radius draw an arc With E as centre 35 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the previous arc (ie; ED║BC) Intersecting point is D. D as centre 25 mm as radius draw an arc With B as centre, 35 mm as radius cut the previous arc. Intersection point is C Draw lines joining A with D, D with C and C with B Thus ABCD is the required trapezium Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  34. CONSTRUCTION OF POLYGONS HEPTAGON OCTAGON NONAGON Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

  35. CONSTRUCTION OF PENTAGON • Construct a regular pentagon given the lengh of its side as 40 mm Solution:- Draw a line segment AB of 40 mm length At B, draw a perpendicular BL such that BK = AB, join A with K With B as centre, AB as radius draw an arc (ie; arc AK) Draw a perpendicular bisector of AB Mark the point of intersection of perpendicular with line AK as 4 and arc AK as 6 Mark a point 5 which is the midpoint of 4-6 obtained by bisecting it With 5 as centre and 5A as radius draw a circle With B as centre and radius = AB, draw an arc to cut the circle at C In a similar way, set off the measurement of side along the circle to get the points D and E Draw lines joining B with C, C with D, D with E & E with A Engineering Graphics Lecture Notes C.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE Alagarkovil, Madurai - 625301 I - SEMESTER 18.09.2012

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