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Export. shipping. London. Cargo ships. Containers From one continent to another Oceans. Inland navigation. Smaller ships Bringing raw materials to the factories Canals , rivers , lakes. A dvantages. Not as pollutive as trucks Cheaper Oversea. Disadvantages. Slow

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  1. Export shipping

  2. London

  3. Cargo ships • Containers • Fromone continent to another • Oceans

  4. Inlandnavigation • Smaller ships • Bringingrawmaterialsto the factories • Canals, rivers, lakes

  5. Advantages • Not as pollutive as trucks • Cheaper • Oversea Disadvantages • Slow • Still big disasters

  6. Pollutionoversea

  7. Different types of pollution • Ballast water • Sound pollution • Ship impacts • Exhaustemissions • Oil spills • Sewage • Cleaning • Solid waste

  8. Sound pollution • Causedbyshippingandother human enterprises • Has increased in recent history • Thisnoisecausedbyshipscantravel long distances

  9. Ship impacts • Big aquaticanimalsstruckbyships • Causesinjuriesor death! • 40% of deathstowhalescausedbyshipcollisions

  10. Exhaustemissions • Significant source of air pollution • 18%-30% of allnitrogen oxide & 9% of sulfur oxide pollution • Amount of sulfur in air is way too high!

  11. Oil spills • Have devastating effect • Toxicfor marine life • Hard toremove • Ex. Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska  400.000 seabirds & 1.000 sea otters dead

  12. Solid waste • Includesglass, paper, aluminium and plastics • Marine animalshurt or killedbygettingentangled • 75% of solid waste is incinerated on board  ashdischarged at sea

  13. Boat People or Blind Passengers → refugees, illegalimmigrants or asylumseekers → emigrationbyboat → persistent problem

  14. Historicalexamples →Vietnamese fugitives, out of the united Vietnam (70’s) → Cubans/Haitianstryingtoreach Florida → Africansfleeingto Europe (Italy/Spain) → People of Sri Lanka to Australia

  15. “People Smuggling” → Illegalandorganizedsmuggling of peopleacrossinternational borders → High deathtoll

  16. Conditions on board → Terrible Conditions → Starvation → Diseases → Lucrativeways of hiding

  17. Driftingfordays, no land in sight

  18. Topicality The next European crisis: boat people FOR THE past year excessive sovereign debt has endangered the European project. For the coming year it may be north African boat people who present the greatest danger to European unity. The turmoil over illegal migrants is a consequence of the Arab pro-democracy awakening on the far side of the Mediterranean and, perhaps, of the Western military intervention in Libya. According to UNHCR, more than 20,000 boat people have landed on the Italian island of Lampedusa this year, almost all of them from Tunisia. More than 800 have arrived in Malta, mostly from Libya. Source: TheEconomist.com

  19. Interestingfacts In fairness reports on new research showing that in one year, a single large container ship can emit cancer and asthma-causing pollutants equivalent to that of 50 million cars. About 96% of the world trade is carried by maritime transportation. Transport by water is cheaperthan transport byair.

  20. The largest cruise ship in the world in Royal Caribbean’s Allure of the Seas. It is 361.81 meters long, holds 6,296 passengers Envision an ideal place to live FreedomShip is a floatingcityhousingfor 50,000 people. It’s located in Palm Harbor, Florida, the United States.

  21. 200 billion dollars; that is how much shipping companies will be forced to pay out in 2020 The United States of America wants to reintroduce the Hovercraft, because it’s an all-terrain vehicle. It can go over water, land, sand, swamp etc… it has a large capacity, so tanks and many soldiers can be transported fast to their destination.

  22. Thankyouforyour attention!

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