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Hardware Basics: Input, Process, Output, and Storage

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  1. Rock and roll to the world!!! Chapter 1 Computer Hardware

  2. BASIC FUNCTION OF COMPUTER INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE

  3. COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER + + _____________________

  4. WHAT IS HARDWARE? • Physical devices (aspect) of a computer • Computer hardware can be classified into two: CPU (Central Processing Unit) and Peripherals

  5. X

  6. COMPUTER PERIPHERALS • Input/output (I/O) devices • Usually electromechanical devices • Online devices vs offline devices

  7. INPUT DEVICES

  8. INPUT DEVICES • Allow the users to inputdata and instructions to the computer X

  9. Papa!! Luh?!?! EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Keyboard • 1875, Christopher Latham Sholes (father of typewriter)invented the first practical typewriter • QWERTY keyboard (enhanced) has 101 keys • Electronic typewriter keyboard

  10. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Keyboard three types of key: • Alphanumeric keys • Punctuation keys • Special keys (alt, arrow/navigation, backspace, caps lock, ctrl, delete, enter, esc, function, insert, prtsc, home, end, page down, page up)

  11. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Mouse • 1963, Douglas Engelbert invented the mouse at Stanford Research Institute. • Small hand-held ‘point and click’ device.

  12. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Three types of mouse: • Mechanical Mouse • Optomechanical Mouse • Optical Mouse

  13. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Rock and roll to the world!!! Common terms used with mouse directions/actions: • Point (hover over) • Click • Double Click • Drag • Select • Rollover

  14. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Light pen • Consist of stylus connected by a cable to the computer

  15. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Trackball • Originally built into keyboard • Use hand over the trackball to move the cursor on the screen

  16. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Joystick • Small vertical stick attached to trackball for easier mechanical movements

  17. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Scanner • Convert hardcopy to softcopy • Direct-entry input device

  18. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Barcode Scanner • Uses optical scanner to read barcode and converts it into electrical pulses (or simply characters)

  19. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Voice Recognition Systems • Special microphone used to capture voice as an input • Converts voice into electrical pulses to digital signals then transmission to a computer • Limited vocabulary of words (voice command)

  20. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Digital cameras • Used to capture images (digitally)

  21. OUTPUT DEVICES

  22. OUTPUT DEVICES • Display the result of the computer.

  23. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Visual display unit or Monitor • Television-like screens that provide the user interface in the form of displaying text, numbers and images • Can be monochrome or colored

  24. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Audio response system or Speaker • Can produce verbal output (sound)

  25. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Printers • Produce hardcopy output. Three broad groups of printers • Character printer, line printers, page printers Classification of printers • Impact printers or non-impact printers

  26. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Dot Matrix Printers (DMP) • Prints one character at a time • Produce dotted-output because of the pins on the print head • Speed is measured by CpS (Character per second) 50-600cps • Produces a lot of noise • Uses ribbon as an ink

  27. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Inkjet Printer • Non-impact printer • Quiet when working • Gives better quality • Available in black/white and in color

  28. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Graphic Plotter • Used for large format media. • Graphs, maps, billboards, tarpaulin

  29. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES LINE PRINTER Drum printer • Uses powder as an ink • Available color: Grayscale

  30. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES PAGE PRINTER Laser printer • High-end printer • More expensive than inkjet printers • Available color: Grayscale

  31. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES PAGE PRINTER Magnetic Printer • Drum coated with magnetic material that capture the image of the page to be printed • Use thermal papers

  32. STORAGE DEVICES

  33. PRIMARY MEMORY (MAIN MEMORY) TYPES OF MEMORY RAM (Random Access Memory) • Volatile loses its contents if the device is electrically disconnected • Temporary holding area for data, application program instructions and operating system (OS) • AKA “waiting room”

  34. APPS RAM rapsa! ajejeje

  35. RAM WHERE IS RAM?

  36. PRIMARY MEMORY (MAIN MEMORY) TYPES OF MEMORY ROM (Read Only Memory) • Non volatile • Used to store programs that are essentials for proper operations of computer system • Equipped with ROM chips often called as “firmware”

  37. WHAT THE…!!! ROM

  38. SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) • Supplementary to primary storage • Also called as auxiliary storage • High storage capacity • Cheaper than primary memory • Slower in primary memory in terms of access time • Can be serial access or direct access device

  39. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Magnetic disk • Direct access • Made of rigid materials or symmetric plastic material • Hard disk and floppy disk

  40. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Magnetic tape • Serial access storage medium • Reels up to 3600 feet made of mylar plastic tape • Can store large volume of data at low cost

  41. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Optical Storage • Information is written to or write from an optical disk or tape using laser beam • Also known as “laser disk” • CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, DVD-R, Blu-ray

  42. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Solid state storage • Sometimes called flash memory • Erasable, re-writable • Flash drive (pen drive) and Memory card (SD/MMC)

  43. PROCESSING UNIT (PU)

  44. EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Also known as Processor • Brain of the computer • Containing ALU(arithmetic logic unit) and control unit • Without the help of Chips (Chipset) the CPU is useless

  45. EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) • Used to managed and boost the performance of video and graphics • Its features are designed to lessen the work of CPU • Mobile phones, display adapters, workstation and game console • Developed by Nvidia in 1999 (GeForce 256)

  46. INTERNAL COMPONENT

  47. EXAMPLE OF INTERNAL COMPONENT Motherboard • Main circuit board of a computer • Mainboard, system board, MOBO

  48. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) • On-board battery powered semiconductor chip • Prevent up-to-date your computer • Uses CMOS coin cell battery to power the CMOS memory

  49. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Expansion slots • Used to insert expansion card (circuit board) which provide additional features to a computer such as video, audio, Ethernet

  50. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) • Based on PCI design for 3D • Developed by Intel

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