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Ivica TRUMBIC UNEP/MAP – PAP/RAC

Ivica TRUMBIC UNEP/MAP – PAP/RAC. INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE URBAN CONTEXT. COUNTRIES AND COASTAL REGIONS. MEDITERRANEAN PRESSURES. population coastal urbanisation tourism economy. COASTAL URBANISATION. Overall urbanisation rate: 64% in 2000, 72% in 2025

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Ivica TRUMBIC UNEP/MAP – PAP/RAC

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  1. Ivica TRUMBICUNEP/MAP – PAP/RAC INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE URBAN CONTEXT

  2. COUNTRIES AND COASTAL REGIONS SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  3. MEDITERRANEAN PRESSURES • population • coastal urbanisation • tourism • economy SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  4. COASTAL URBANISATION • Overall urbanisation rate: 64% in 2000, 72% in 2025 • In the North urbanisation rate will grow only slightly, from 67% to 69% • In the South urbanisation rate will grow from 62% to 74% • Urban inhabitants: 275 mil. in 2000, 380 mil. in 2025 • The population of the agglomerations in the South will grow from 145 million inhabitants in the year 2000 to 243 million in 2025, of which more that 30 million new inhabitants for the agglomerations on the coastal regions. • The population of the agglomerations in the North will grow from 129 million inhabitants in the year 2000 to 135 million in the year 2025, with the urban population of the coastal regions remaining practically unchanged • 65% of coastline is urbanised; number of coastal settlements with more than 10,000 inhabitants doubled from 1950 to 1995 SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  5. GROWTH OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  6. SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  7. SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  8. COASTAL SETTLEMENTS Annual amounts (‘000 m3/year) of waste water discharged into the sea from coastal cities SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  9. NUMBER OF CITIES SERVED BY TREATMENT PLANTS SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  10. DEGREE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT IN COASTAL CITIES SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  11. MEDITERRANEAN “HOT SPOTS” SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  12. 1997 URBAN SPRAWL Istanbul 1945 Padua and (Venice) Mestre 1955 2000 SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  13. COASTAL ARTIFICIALISATION 40% of Mediterranean coasts were built in 2000 SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  14. Coastal urban development problems are essentially the resource management problem, notably water and space SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  15. WHAT IS INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT (ICZM)? • ICZM is continuous, proactive and adaptive process of resource management for environmentally sustainable development of coastal areas • ICZM requires multidisciplinary approach, problem solving instead of problem transfer, stakeholder participation, as well as integration among sectors, institutions and administrative levels • ICZM requires full understanding of interactions among coastal resources, their use, and impacts of the development on economy and the environment SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  16. COASTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN • Initial phase (1978-1984): MEDPOL I, monitoring and assessment of pollution, BP and PAP established • reorientation of MAP on integrated management of coastal areas, 1986 • PAP Coastal Pilot Projects (CPPs), 1987 • Methodological Framework for ICAM, 1988 • MAP CAMP, 1989 • Guidelines on Integrated Coastal Areas Management ICAM (with UNEP), 1995 • Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development - recommendations for ICAM, 1997 • Assessment of ICAM Initiatives in the Mediterranean: experiences from METAP and MAP, 1998 • “White Paper” on coastal zone management in the Mediterranean, 2001 SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  17. Major Legal Breakthrough Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  18. CAMP CAMP CAMP CAMP CAMP CAMP "The island of "The Albanian "The Area of "Tlemcen" Rhodes" "The Kastela Coast" CAMP CAMP GREECE SPAIN ALGERIA Fuka" Bay" ALBANIA CYPRUS MALTA EGYPT CROATIA CAMP "The Bay of CAMP “The Izmir" Slovenian TURKEY Coastal Region" SLOVENIA CAMP "Sfax" TUNISIA CAMP ”Al Hoceima” MOROCCO CAMP “The Syrian Coastal Region" SYRIA CAMP ISRAEL CAMP LEBANON MAP CAMP PROJECTS SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  19. MCSD RECOMMENDATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE URBAN MANAGEMENT • Mobilising actors and means of action towards achieving the sustainable urban development • Acting towards a better management of urban dynamics • Improving public urban services management • Strengthening the Mediterranean and Euro-Mediterranean co-operation for a sustainable urban development SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  20. URBAN CONTEXT SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  21. NON-URBAN CONTEXT SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  22. THE RESULT SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  23. WHERE IS SPLIT? SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  24. SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  25. SOUTHERN ELEVATION OF THE DIOCLETIAN’S PALACE SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  26. SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  27. SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  28. SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  29. LAND RECLAMATION SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  30. SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  31. INITIATIVES • Very little mention in literature, except port cities and waterfront development • Urban regeneration • Hangzou Workshop and Hangzou Declaration (1999) SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  32. DEFINITIONS • Coastal city (HYDROPOLIS): Conurbation of more than 100,000 people contiguous with, significantly oriented towards, and/or actually or potentially affected hydrodinamically by an extensive body of surface fresh and salt water • Urban coastal zone: Bi-polar area, bounded on the landward side by the local hinterland of the cityscape, and on the waterward side by the functional ecosystemic integration of the coastal littoral zone (Timmerman and White, 1997) SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  33. CONCLUSIONS • Urban development and ICZM were not well integrated in spite of obvious strategic similarities • ICZM mainly related to non-urbanized areas: how to preserve them, and how to limit the urbanisation process • Urban development: although sometimes large, coastal areas were not considered as a specific resource, therefore pressure on its coastal fringe • Heavy use of the urban coastline for industry, rather than for recreation, commerce, housing or conservation • Unfortunately, the dilemma was not whether urban development is environmentally unacceptable, but only how to mitigate environmental impacts without causing too much delay to the development • Challenges and rationale: socio-economic development, which goes well beyond urban areas’ boundaries; impacts of global changes, pressure on land-sea interface SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  34. RECOMMENDATIONS • ICZM benefits for urban development: facilitates resource allocation; conflict resolution; environmental protection improves the quality of life; economic benefits (i.e. waterfront development, urban regeneration) • Urban issues should be integrated in the ICZM process, not as an obstacle but as an advantage • Planning in coastal cities should consider coastal zones as a resource potential and special management plans should be prepared SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

  35. United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC) Kraj Sv. Ivana 11 21000 Split, CROATIA tel: (385) (21) 34 04 70 fax: (385) (21) 34 04 90 e-mail: pap@gradst.hr http://www. pap-thecoastcentre.org SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

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