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Understanding Chromatin, DNA, and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

This comprehensive overview delves into the intricate world of genetics, illustrating the transformation from DNA to chromosomes, chromatin, and solenoids. It discusses crucial processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation within the context of the Central Dogma of molecular biology. The text emphasizes the importance of gene expression and regulation, including how cervical cancer is induced by the HPV virus through the inactivation of key tumor suppressor genes. This resource serves as an essential guide for understanding fundamental concepts in genetics and molecular biology.

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Understanding Chromatin, DNA, and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

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  1. P1-1 Cell diagram 3P 1-1

  2. Chromatin to DNA From chromosome to chromatin to solenoid to DNA

  3. P3-2 Chromosome to DNA 3P3-2 Chromosomes

  4. P3-2 Backbone chemistry 5 3 5 O 4 1 3 2 3P3-2

  5. 4F4-4

  6. 4F4-3 3F2-10

  7. 8-30 chromatin 3F8-30

  8. Tangle of chromatin spilling out of lysed nucleus 2 linked copies of a chromosome during mitosis 4F4-21

  9. Transcription Translation mRNA Protein Gene (DNA) Central Dogma Transcription Reverse Transcription

  10. exons

  11. Gene Gene 27Kbp 27Kbp 300Kbp 300Kbp Intron1 Ex1 Ex2 Intron2 145bp 2500bp 145bp 2500bp 5’ UTR 3’ UTR JUNK???

  12. 3-12,13 DNA replication Template, 3’ New, 5’ 3’ 5’ DNA Synthesis 4F5-3 4F5-5

  13. CELL CYCLE: Gap1, Synthesis, Gap2,Mitosis ….

  14. proteins- chain of AA NH3+ NH NH NH O O O O C C C C C C C C H H H H R2 R1 R3 R4 Peptide bond R2 R1 R2 O -- R1

  15. Peptide bond,crambin CRAMBIN: N = 46 TTCCPSIVARSNFNVCRLPGTPEALCATYTGCIIIPGATCPGDYAN

  16. 4F6-9 3F3-19 4F6-8

  17. 4F6-6

  18. Transcription Start Site TATA G9.17

  19. 4F6-19

  20. The Gene Network of E.Coli: (bacterium, single cell) (U. Alon)

  21. M.Milyevsky,Y.Tabach, ….T.Pilpel,V. Rotter – in vitro • 2.C. Rosty,M. Sheffer, D.Tsafrir….in vivo, cervical cancer Degradation Induced by E6 Inactivation by E7 binding p53 CDKN1A (p21) CDK2 NFY CHR RB NFY CDK4 CDK6 CDKN2A (p16) E2F CDE / E2F ELK1 Mitogens MAPK ELK 1 Cervical cancer induced by HPV: two viral oncoproteins (E6,E7) are inserted in DNA and expressed. They inactivate p53 and Rb and induce proliferation

  22. 4F6-21

  23. 3-16 Genetic code 3 READING FRAMES

  24. beta-globin(human)sequences VHLTP(EEKSAVTALW){GK} VN(VDEVGGEALGRLLVV)Y (PWTQRF)F(ESF)GDLST (PDAVM){G}N (PKVKAHGKKVLGAFSDGL) {AH}(LDNLKGTFATLSELHCD) {KL}HVD{P} (ENFRLLGNVLVCVLAHHFGKE)FT (PPVQAAYQKVVAGVANALA) {HK}YH

  25. 3FtRNA

  26. 6-8,9 tRNA 6-8,9

  27. 4F6-65 3FtRNA

  28. 4F6-58 4F6-60

  29. polyribosome 3F6-28,29

  30. Transcription Translation mRNA Protein Gene (DNA) Central Dogma Cells express different subset of the genes In different tissues and under different conditions

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