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Male parents generally DO NOT Contribute cytoplasm to zygotes

Male parents generally DO NOT Contribute cytoplasm to zygotes. SO… mitochondria and chloroplasts are MATERNAL CONTRIBUTIONS. Cytokinesis (Cell Division) - actin microfilaments and Karyokinesis (Nuclear division, including mitosis) -tubulin microtubules.

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Male parents generally DO NOT Contribute cytoplasm to zygotes

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  1. Male parents generally DO NOT Contribute cytoplasm to zygotes SO… mitochondria and chloroplasts are MATERNAL CONTRIBUTIONS

  2. Cytokinesis (Cell Division) -actin microfilaments and Karyokinesis (Nuclear division, including mitosis) -tubulin microtubules

  3. Model for organelle division From Dec 2003 Science …..without implications for segregation

  4. Maternal effect (NOT Maternal inheritance)

  5. Genetic/genomic imprinting

  6. Maternal imprinting

  7. Paternal imprinting

  8. If neither copy of 15q11 has paternal imprinting, the result is Prader-Willi syndrome (characterised by hypotonia, obesity, and hypogonadism). If neither copy has maternal imprinting, the result is Angelman syndrome (characterised by epilepsy, tremors, and a perpetually smiling facial expression).

  9. גנטיקה של אוכלוסיות

  10. Formula for allele frequency, based on knowledge of genotypes

  11. A 3 allele case

  12. In 3 allele case, same mathematical treatment p = freq of IB = freq B (IBIB) + ½ freq of B (IBi) + ½ freq of AB (IBIA) q = freq of IA = … r = freq of i = … p + q + r = 1

  13. YET: Populations with different genotypes can have the same allele frequency

  14. BUT, if there are random matings, the genotype frequency of offspring is based on solely on the allele freq. In next generation Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) Law (& Chetverikov)

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