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Explore the significant achievements in underwater and space exploration that revolutionized our understanding of extreme environments. Discover SCUBA, invented by Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan in 1943, and stride into the depths with the Bathyscaphe Trieste, which reached Challenger Deep in 1960. Relive Apollo 11's historic moon landing in 1969 with the Lunar Module, the Eagle, and learn about the fastest man-made object, Helios 2. Each innovation has made lasting impacts on science and exploration, shaping how we perceive our planet and beyond.
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Technology Timeline By Kevin Downey, 6C Science
SCUBA • Full title: Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus • Modern form first used in: 1943 • Invented by: Jacques Costeau and Emile Gagnan • PSI inside diving cylinders: 2,900-4,400 • Fate: Still used today A manta looms out of the darkness, close to the SCUBA diver
Bathyscaphe Trieste • First used in: Challenger Deep, 1960 • Crewed by: Lt. Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard • Achievements: Made it to Challenger Deep • Fun Fact: Was used by Italy before the U.S. Navy bought it and sent it to Challenger Deep • Fate: On display in a museum The Trieste surfaces after its historic dive.
The Eagle • First used: The Moon, 1969 • Crewed by: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin • Achievements: Putting man on the moon • Fun fact: On the abandoned legs of the Eagle, there is a plaque commemorating the occasion, and a Patch which remembers the crew of Apollo 1 (who died in a pre-launch failure). • Fate: Partly on the moon, partly at the bottom of the ocean. Two extreme environments in one! The patch that was left behind on one of the legs.
Helios 2 • First used: 1976, 43,000,000 km from the sun • Achievements: Studied the sun, solar wind, solar plasma, cosmic rays, and cosmic dust • Designers/Users: Built by Germany, used by the US • Fun Fact: Helios 2 is the fastest thing ever built by man, reaching speeds of 252, 792 km/h. It reached these speeds because of its elliptical orbit around the Sun, which flung it to extreme speeds • Fate: Still whizzing around the Sun The prototype
Challenger • First used: 1986, Earth`s orbit (planned) • Mission: Deploy a satellite • Crewed by: Michael J. Smith, Dick Scobie, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Christa McAufille, Greg Jarvis, and Judith Resnik. • Fate: Disintegrated 73 seconds after launch • Cause of breakup: O-ring failure, high winds Challenger begins its breakup
Deep Worker • First used: Stallwagen Bank, 1999 (used to quantify fish species) • Achievements: A very speedy and versatile submersible • Designers: Nuytco Research Limited • Fun Fact: It is powered by foot pedals, giving the pilot a very intuitive method of steering.