Unit 5 Review

1. Unit 5 Review 1750 CE—1914 CE

3. 1. Which of the following statements concerning the political philosophy of the Enlightenment is most accurate? • Enlightenment philosophies were creatures of the monarchs who were their patrons and supported the powers of the kings. • Although the Enlightenment philosophers were generally opposed to the authority of the church, they argued that only monarchy could insure stability for the masses. • Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes that did not grant full religious freedom or that insisted on aristocratic privilege. • Enlightenment intellectuals were the firmest supporters of the church left in European culture. • Enlightenment philosophers withdrew from society and politics and adopted a policy of non-intervention in religious matters.

4. 1. Which of the following statements concerning the political philosophy of the Enlightenment is most accurate? • Enlightenment philosophies were creatures of the monarchs who were their patrons and supported the powers of the kings. • Although the Enlightenment philosophers were generally opposed to the authority of the church, they argued that only monarchy could insure stability for the masses. • Enlightenment thinkers challenged regimes that did not grant full religious freedom or that insisted on aristocratic privilege. • Enlightenment intellectuals were the firmest supporters of the church left in European culture. • Enlightenment philosophers withdrew from society and politics and adopted a policy of non-intervention in religious matters.

5. 2. Above all, population pressure in the 18th century • led to wholesale replacement of officeholders among the elite. • drove many people into the working-class proletariat. • led the business classes to reduce the number of children in their families. • caused the middle classes to reduce risk-taking. • kept many people trapped as agricultural serfs.

6. 2. Above all, population pressure in the 18th century • led to wholesale replacement of officeholders among the elite. • drove many people into the working-class proletariat. • led the business classes to reduce the number of children in their families. • caused the middle classes to reduce risk-taking. • kept many people trapped as agricultural serfs.

7. 3. In what year did the American colonies set up a new constitutional structure based on Enlightenment principles? • 1776 • 1781 • 1783 • 1789 • 1795

8. 3. In what year did the American colonies set up a new constitutional structure based on Enlightenment principles? • 1776 • 1781 • 1783 • 1789 • 1795

9. 4. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution? • Enlightenment thinkers urging the need to limit the powers of the Catholic church and the aristocracy • The church seeking greater power over the royal government • The middle-class demand for greater political representation • The peasant desire for freedom from manorialism • Financial problems of the French government

10. 4. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution? • Enlightenment thinkers urging the need to limit the powers of the Catholic church and the aristocracy • The church seeking greater power over the royal government • The middle-class demand for greater political representation • The peasant desire for freedom from manorialism • Financial problems of the French government

11. 5. On July 14 in the first year of the French Revolution, the storming of what political prison provided a revolutionary symbol? • Tuileries • Place des Vosges • Montparnasse • Bastille • Versailles

12. 5. On July 14 in the first year of the French Revolution, the storming of what political prison provided a revolutionary symbol? • Tuileries • Place des Vosges • Montparnasse • Bastille • Versailles

13. 6. The radical phase of the French Revolution led to all of the following EXCEPT the • execution of the king. • introduction of the metric system of weights and measures. • extension of the revolution to warfare in the Low Countries, Italy, and Germany. • full-scale attack on private property. • Reign of Terror

14. 6. The radical phase of the French Revolution led to all of the following EXCEPT the • execution of the king. • introduction of the metric system of weights and measures. • extension of the revolution to warfare in the Low Countries, Italy, and Germany. • full-scale attack on private property. • Reign of Terror

15. 7. Which of the following statements concerning the peace conference at Vienna following the fall of France is most accurate? • The allies intended to punish France severely in order to make certain that no further revolution was possible. • Territorial adjustments reached at Vienna kept Europe fairly stable for almost half a century. • Successful restoration of conservative monarchies and promotion of internal peace was achieved for a century. • Poland emerged as one of the winners in the territorial realignments that followed the wars. • The Congress of Vienna ushered in a new era of liberalism that lasted for over a hundred years.

16. 7. Which of the following statements concerning the peace conference at Vienna following the fall of France is most accurate? • The allies intended to punish France severely in order to make certain that no further revolution was possible. • Territorial adjustments reached at Vienna kept Europe fairly stable for almost half a century. • Successful restoration of conservative monarchies and promotion of internal peace was achieved for a century. • Poland emerged as one of the winners in the territorial realignments that followed the wars. • The Congress of Vienna ushered in a new era of liberalism that lasted for over a hundred years.

17. 8. Which 19th-century European political group listed below would espouse the following statement? “As long as property is controlled by private individuals, inequality will exist. It is the role of the state to manage property for the benefit of all citizens.” • Radicals • Socialists • Liberals • Conservatives • Military leaders

18. 8. Which 19th-century European political group listed below would espouse the following statement? “As long as property is controlled by private individuals, inequality will exist. It is the role of the state to manage property for the benefit of all citizens.” • Radicals • Socialists • Liberals • Conservatives • Military leaders

19. 9. After industrialization in 19th century Europe, a demographic transition occurred which led to a new system that promoted stable population levels through • government-sponsored family planning. • legal sanctions against illegitimate births. • low birth and death rates • increased mortality due to industrial accidents and environmental pollution. • increased mortality due to disease.

20. 9. After industrialization in 19th century Europe, a demographic transition occurred which led to a new system that promoted stable population levels through • government-sponsored family planning. • legal sanctions against illegitimate births. • low birth and death rates • increased mortality due to industrial accidents and environmental pollution. • increased mortality due to disease.

21. 10. Which of the following statements could NOT be attributed to the political philosophy of Karl Marx? • Earlier socialist theories based on utopian schemes were silly and unrealistic. • In the aftermath of the victory of the proletariat, the state would emerge permanently as a powerful dictatorship. • History was shaped by the available means of production and who controlled them. • Revolution of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie was inevitable. • In the final historical phase, the state would wither away.

22. 10. Which of the following statements could NOT be attributed to the political philosophy of Karl Marx? • Earlier socialist theories based on utopian schemes were silly and unrealistic. • In the aftermath of the victory of the proletariat, the state would emerge permanently as a powerful dictatorship. • History was shaped by the available means of production and who controlled them. • Revolution of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie was inevitable. • In the final historical phase, the state would wither away.

23. 11. Britain’s Australian colonies originated in 1788 as • mining expeditions. • plantation and ranching settlements. • penal settlements. • fortified trading ports. • military bases.

24. 11. Britain’s Australian colonies originated in 1788 as • mining expeditions. • plantation and ranching settlements. • penal settlements. • fortified trading ports. • military bases.

25. 12. British settlers in New Zealand encountered and eventually defeated which native group? • Aborigines • Dravidians • Maoris • Taino • Dorians

26. 12. British settlers in New Zealand encountered and eventually defeated which native group? • Aborigines • Dravidians • Maoris • Taino • Dorians

27. 13. Which of the following was NOT an aspect of imperialism in the period following European industrialization? • The search for markets for European manufactured products • The absence of Christian missions • The establishment of European colonies in the interior of Africa and Asia • The search for raw materials to feed the machines of Europe • The need to find profitable investments for excess capital

28. 13. Which of the following was NOT an aspect of imperialism in the period following European industrialization? • The search for markets for European manufactured products • The absence of Christian missions • The establishment of European colonies in the interior of Africa and Asia • The search for raw materials to feed the machines of Europe • The need to find profitable investments for excess capital

29. 14. How were 18th-century land empires in Asia accumulated? • By direct government intervention • By the policy of the directors of the Dutch and British East India companies acting under the direction of their governments • By the initiative of overseas agents of the Dutch and British East India companies acting in the absence of instructions from the company directors • No 18th-century territorial acquisitions were made. • By insubordinate military leaders

30. 14. How were 18th-century land empires in Asia accumulated? • By direct government intervention • By the policy of the directors of the Dutch and British East India companies acting under the direction of their governments • By the initiative of overseas agents of the Dutch and British East India companies acting in the absence of instructions from the company directors • No 18th-century territorial acquisitions were made. • By insubordinate military leaders

31. 15. The territories controlled by the British East India Company expanded concurrently with the collapse of the • Safavid dominions. • Mughal empire. • Mauryan territories. • Raj. • Maghreb.

32. 15. The territories controlled by the British East India Company expanded concurrently with the collapse of the • Safavid dominions. • Mughal empire. • Mauryan territories. • Raj. • Maghreb.

33. 16. Which of the following was NOT a handicap faced by the Indian princes in defending their kingdoms from the British? • The lack of a sense of national identity in India • The willingness of Indians to serve in the British armies • The continued warfare among the Indian princes • The success of the British in winning many converts to Christianity • Strength of the British military

34. 16. Which of the following was NOT a handicap faced by the Indian princes in defending their kingdoms from the British? • The lack of a sense of national identity in India • The willingness of Indians to serve in the British armies • The continued warfare among the Indian princes • The success of the British in winning many converts to Christianity • Strength of the British military

35. 17. All of the following were reasons why India became the pivot of the great British Empire EXCEPT • the size of the Indian land army. • the utility of Indian ports in maintaining British sea power. • the residence of more white settlers than any other British colony. • the existence of raw materials useful to the British industries. • British interest in global trade.

36. 17. All of the following were reasons why India became the pivot of the great British Empire EXCEPT • the size of the Indian land army. • the utility of Indian ports in maintaining British sea power. • the residence of more white settlers than any other British colony. • the existence of raw materials useful to the British industries. • British interest in global trade.

37. 18. Jeremy Bentham and James Mill were leaders of what philosophical movement that supported social reform in the colonies? • Sophism • Social Gospel • Social Darwinism • Pragmatism • Utilitarianism

38. 18. Jeremy Bentham and James Mill were leaders of what philosophical movement that supported social reform in the colonies? • Sophism • Social Gospel • Social Darwinism • Pragmatism • Utilitarianism

39. 19. In the first half of the 19th century, what European nation dominated overseas trade and empire building? • Holland • Portugal • Britain • Germany • Spain

40. 19. In the first half of the 19th century, what European nation dominated overseas trade and empire building? • Holland • Portugal • Britain • Germany • Spain

41. 20. Which of the following nations did NOT enter the competitive race for colonial empire and industrial supremacy after 1870? • Germany • Belgium • Spain • The United States • Italy

42. 20. Which of the following nations did NOT enter the competitive race for colonial empire and industrial supremacy after 1870? • Germany • Belgium • Spain • The United States • Italy

43. 21. Which of the following statements is most accurate? • Quarrels over the division of the colonial spoils were used to justify the arms buildup and general militarism. • European nations cooperated to defeat the outmanned armies of African nations. • European nations rapidly came to agreements over the territorial division of colonial holdings. • The League of Nations supervised the construction of European colonial empires. • Colonial disputes were usually referred to the World Court located at the Hague.

44. 21. Which of the following statements is most accurate? • Quarrels over the division of the colonial spoils were used to justify the arms buildup and general militarism. • European nations cooperated to defeat the outmanned armies of African nations. • European nations rapidly came to agreements over the territorial division of colonial holdings. • The League of Nations supervised the construction of European colonial empires. • Colonial disputes were usually referred to the World Court located at the Hague.

45. 22. By 1914 all of Africa had fallen to European colonialists EXCEPT • Libya. • Algeria. • Egypt. • Ethiopia. • South Africa.

46. 22. By 1914 all of Africa had fallen to European colonialists EXCEPT • Libya. • Algeria. • Egypt. • Ethiopia. • South Africa.

47. 23. Which of the following was a republic founded by the Boers in the 1850s? • Liberia • Rhodesia • Natal • Senegal • Transvaal

48. 23. Which of the following was a republic founded by the Boers in the 1850s? • Liberia • Rhodesia • Natal • Senegal • Transvaal

49. 24. Hawaii was effectively opened to the West through the voyages of • Magellan. • Captain James Cook. • Henry Hudson. • Admiral Farragut. • Francis Drake.

50. 24. Hawaii was effectively opened to the West through the voyages of • Magellan. • Captain James Cook. • Henry Hudson. • Admiral Farragut. • Francis Drake.