1. Progressive Presidents Roosevelt Taft Wilson

2. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1908) • “Square Deal” • Resolved coal miners strike in 1902 • No union recognition • Trust busting • Enforced Sherman Anti-trust Law • Distinction between Good and Bad Trusts • Railroad Regulation • Consumer Protection • Pure Food and Drug Act • Meat Inspection Act

3. Roosevelt and Conservation • Naturalist John Muir convinces Roosevelt to start National Park System • Set aside 150 million acres of forest not to be sold to loggers • Newlands Reclamation Act – conservation of water in the west

4. William Howard Taft (1908 – 1912) • Hand picked successor to Roosevelt • More trust busting than Roosevelt • Income Tax (16th Amendment) • Originally only affected those who made 2x the national average • Mann-Elkins Act – ICC could oversee railroads, telephone, telegraph, and cable companies

5. Taft and Republicans Split • Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Pinchot vs. Ballinger in the forest service • Joe Cannon’s power as speaker • Midterm support of conservatives in 1910

6. Socialism • Led by Eugene V. Debs • 5 time candidate for president • Turned to socialism after Pullman Strike • Critic of business, champion of labor • “I have no country to fight for; my country is the earth, and I am a citizen of the world.” • “It is better to vote for what you want and not get it than to vote for what you don't want and get it.” • “While there is a lower class, I am in it, while there is a criminal element, I am of it, and while there is a soul in prison, I am not free. “

7. Election of 1912 • Taft – Republican • Wilson – Democratic • Roosevelt – Bull Moose • Debs - Socialist

8. Woodrow Wilson (1912-1920) • Tariff Reduction • Federal Reserve Act 1914 • Business Regulation • Clayton Antitrust Act – strengthened Sherman Act • Federal Trade Commission – Action against unfair trade practices (not banking or transportation) • Federal Farm Loan Act • Child Labor Act • Prohibited shipment of goods made by children under 14 years old • Overturned by Supreme Court