Teknologi Dan Rekayasa TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINERRING

Teknologi Dan RekayasaTECHNOLOGY AND ENGINERRING PROGRAM STUDI KEAHLIAN (SKILL DEPARTEMEN PROGRAME) : TEKNIK BANGUNAN (BUILDING TECHNOLOGY) KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN (SKILL COMPETENCE): TEKNIK GAMBAR BANGUNAN (DRAWING BUILDING TECHNOLOGY)

Make Drawing Roof Construction Objectives : Student able to • Explaining of the roof constructions, • make drawing design of roof frame construction. • make drawing of roof plans • make drawing detail of sections of frame/truss constructions. • make drawing detail of sections a half of frame/truss constructions. • make drawing detail of joining. • Make drawing of roof cladding. • Make detail drawing of wall structure reinforcement. • Make detail drawing of horizontal flashing. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Description of Wall and Floor Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Definition of Roof A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building. A roof protects the building and its contents from the effects of weather (rain, sunlight, wind and others). A roof characteristics are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it covers, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

The durability of a roof is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects. Definition of Roof The elements in the design of a roof are :- the material the construction the durability Notes; The material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or sea grass to laminated glass, aluminum sheeting and precast concrete. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for centuries. The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof slope. The durability of a roof is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

The Shape of Roof Ball Roof Flat Roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Saw Roof Pelana Roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Lean Roof Limas Roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Tent Roof Prism Roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Joglo Roof Traverse Roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Combines Roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Material of Roof Cameroon, a wattle and daub house, roofed with banana leaves. Japan, rice straw thatch Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Material of Roof England, slate Hungary, terracotta tiles Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Material of Roof Namibia, metal roof. The flat roofs of the Middle East, Israel. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Material of Roof The steeply pitched, gabled roofs of Scandinavia. The overhanging eaves of China. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape • Commercially available roofing materials • The weather proofing material is the topmost or outermost layer, exposed to the weather. Many different kinds of materials have been used as weather proofing material: • 1. Thatch is roofing made of plant material, in overlapping layers. • Wheat Straw widely used in England, France and other parts of Europe. • Sea grass used in coastal areas where there are estuaries such as Scotland. Has a longer life than straw. Claimed to have a life in excess of 60 years. • Paddy Straw, Palm Leaf, Sugar Cane Leaf, Kiara Leaf, Injuk widely used in Indonesia Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape • 2.Shingles, called shakes in North America. Shingles is the generic term for a roofing material that is in many overlapping sections, regardless of the nature of the material. The word is also used specifically to denote shingles made of wood. • Red cedar, Life expectancy, up to 30 years. However, young growth red cedar has a short life expectancy. High cost. Should be allowed to breathe. • Hardwood, Very durable roofing found in Colonial Australian architecture, its use now limited to restorations. • Slate, High cost with a life expectancy of up to 200 years. Being a heavy material, the supporting structure must be very robust. • Ceramic tile. High cost, life of up to 100 years. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape • Metal shakes or shingles. Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of 3/12 pitch or greater. Because of the flexibility of metal, they can be manufactured to lock together, giving durability and reducing assembly time. • Mechanically seamed metal. Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of low pitch such as 0.5/12 to 3/12 pitch. • Concrete, usually reinforced with fibres of some sort. • Asphalt shingle, made of bitumen embedded in an organic or fiberglass mat, usually covered with colored, man-made ceramic grit. Cheaper than slate or tiles. Various life span expectancies. • Asbestos shingles. Very long lifespan, fireproof and low cost but now rarely used because of health concerns. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape • 3. Membrane. membrane roofing is in large sheets, generally fused in some way at the joints to form a continuous surface. • Thermosetting plastic (e.g. EPDM rubber). Synthetic rubber sheets adhered together with contact adhesive or tape. Primary application is big box store with large open areas and little vertical protrusions. • Thermoplastic (e.g. PVC, TPO, CSPE). Plastic sheets welded together with hot air creating one continuous sheet membrane. Can be rewelded with the exception of CSPE. Lends itself well to both big box and small roof application because of its hot air weldability. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape • 4. Metal roofing. Generally a relatively inexpensive building material. • Galvanised steel frequently manufactured with wavy corrugations to resist lateral flexing and fitted with exposed fasteners. Widely used for low cost and durability. Sheds are normally roofed with this material. Known as Gal iron or Corro, it was the most extensively used roofing material of 20th century Australia, now replaced in popularity by steel roofing coated with an alloy of zinc and aluminum, claimed to have up to four times the life of galvanized steel. • Standing-seam metal with concealed fasteners. • Mechanically seamed metal with concealed fasteners contains sealant in seams for use on very low sloped roofs. • Flat-seam metal with soldered seams Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape • Modified bitumen - heat welded, asphalt adhered or installed with adhesive. Asphalt is mixed with polymers such as APP or SBS, then applied to fiberglass and/or polyester mat, seams sealed by locally melting the asphalt with heat, hot mopping of asphalt, or adhesive. Lends itself well to all applications. • Built-Up Roof - Multiple plies of asphalt saturated organic felt or coated fiberglass felts. Plies of felt are adhered with hot asphalt, coal tar pitch or adhesive. • Sprayed-in-Place Polyurethane Foam (SPUF) - Foam sprayed in-place on the roof, then coated with a wide variety of coatings, or in some instances, covered with gravel. • Fabric • polyester. • PTFE, (synthetic fluoropolymer) embedded in fibreglass. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Shape Roof tiles Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Constructions Beautifully designed house with flat roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof There are many different types of roof shapes. The most common types are: Hip and Gable - There are many types of this most common roof. Flat - While they appear flat, they always have some pitch for water run off. Skillioned - This is flat roof that has a visually significant pitch Butterfly - two skillioned roofs with a box gutter in the middle. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Butterfly roof design with centre gutter Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof There are 4 measurements that define a roof: Span is the horizontal distance between the walls. Going is the horizontal distance from the wall to the apex. Rise is the vertical distance from the top of the Top Plate to the Ridge Pitch. For rafters this is the angle of the rafters taken from the pitching point on the top plate of the wall to the highest point on the underside of the rafter. (The greater the pitch the faster water flows of it and the more chance of gutter failure.) Ridge. This is the horizontal straight apex of the roof. Hip.This is the sloping apex of a roof that starts at the crown and slopes down to the Facia Board. Valley. The Valley is only seen on an L shapes roof. It is the sloping surface from the Ridge to the Facia Board Crown.This is the meeting of the Ridge line and the Hip. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Roof Terminology Heavily boxed gabled roof used to create verandah Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof • Hip and valley roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Conventional Roof Construction Full conventional roofing is rarely undertaken today due to the advent of roof trusses. However small amounts of conventional roofing are used when additions occur to an existing roof or when a truss can not be used in an area of the roof where something non-standard occurs. Conventional roofing is labour intensive and far more expensive than truss roofing. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Structure Terminology Top Plate. This is the continuous timber beam on top of the walls that supports the roof structure. Ceiling Joists. These are the horizontal members that provide a structure to fix the ceiling, and support and fix the diagonal Rafters that define the roof shape and are attached at the top to a Ridge Beam. Purlins run horizontally and parallel to the Ridge Beam and perpendicular to the roof slope. They are fixed underneath the Rafters and help prevent roof sag. Struts and Props. These are fixed between the Purlins and Joists and an integral part of the load bearing. Soffit Bearers. These are between wall and the Facia and allow the Soffit Lining to be fixed. Soffit Lining. This is the horizontal sheet cladding underneath the eaves. Eaves. Eaves are the overhang of rafters beyond the supporting wall line. Hanging Beams. These beams are placed between load bearing walls and are perpendicular to the Ceiling Joists. They reduce the span of the ceiling Joists are tied to the Hanging Beam with hoop iron straps. Facia Board. This is the vertical board that is fixed to the end of the rafters and has both a structural and aesthetic function of enclosing the eaves. Barge Board. This is similar to a Facia Board but it is parallel to the rafters, on an angle at the skillion end of a gable Roofing Battens. Roofing Battens are fixed onto the outer side of the Rafters. While they have a small structural function for the overall roof frame, they are principally the support for the roof cover. If the roof cover is galvanized iron they are laid at the same time as the roof frame. In other cases they are normally supplied by the roof cover contractor. Sarking. Sarking is a strong, moisture proof, reflective, metallic building paper which is placed over the rafters but underneath the roof batons. The sarking runs to the roof gutter and the reflective side should always face outwards to repel heat. Collar Ties. These are horizontal timber beams between the Rafters that stop the Rafters spreading. Ridge Beam. This is the horizontal timber beam at the apex of the roof. It has no structural function but is the member against which the high end of the Rafters lean. It ensures that the Rafters meet in a straight line and stay upright. Roof Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Roof Roof Trusses Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Teknologi Dan Rekayasa TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINERRING