Unit Three Wisdom and Insight

1. Unit ThreeWisdom and Insight Chinese and Japanese Literature (1000 B.C. to 1890 A.D.

2. ChinaHistorical Background • world’s oldest surviving civilization (approx. 3,500 years) • Began in Yellow River Basin (Northern China) • By 1600 B.C .- developed complex economic and social system ~ Shang Dynasty developed by elite group of kings (Northern China)

3. ChinaHistorical Background • believed heaven granted rulers right to rule • subjects must live in complete obedience in exchange for good government • people had the right to rebel

4. ChinaHistorical Background Chou Dynasty (1122-256/255 B.C.) • Central Asian people • overthrew Shang Dynasty • advances in philosophy (Taoism and Confucianism), despite political turmoil

5. ChinaHistorical Background Ch’in Dynasty (221-206 B.C.) • short lived (15 years) • built a system of roads • Great Wall of China (4,500 miles) Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) • established trade with Europe and western Asia • introduction of Buddhism T’ang Dynasty (618-907) • Golden Age of China • rulers created empire that stretched from Pacific Ocean to borders of Persia and India- world’s most effective system of government • invention of gun powder and block printing

6. ChinaHistorical Background Sung Dynasty (960-1279) • Neo-Confucianism- reaction against Buddhist influence; blending of morality and meditation to achieve enlightenment Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368) • overrun by Mongol invaders • dynasty established by Genghis Khan • first foreign rule of China • flourishing trade ~Exp. ) visit from Venetian Marco Polo Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) • avoided foreign influence, due to the former invasion of Mongols

7. ChinaHistorical Background Ch’ing Dynasty (1644-1911/1912) • 2nd foreign dynasty- Manchurian • unrest toppled dynasty and imperial rule

8. Japan Historical Background • little known about original settlers • farming through irrigation by 200 B.C. • immigration from Korea and other Asian countries • divided into tribal organizations called ujior clan ~aristocrats ~warriors ~spiritual leaders

9. Japan Historical Background Yamato Clan and Chinese Influence • 4th Century- Yamato Clan most powerful in Japan • Brought Chinese beliefs to Japan (Buddhism; Confucianism) • Chinese influence also found in architecture, art, clothing, and language, and political structure (central imperial rule)

10. Japan Historical Background The Heian Age • 794- new imperial capital built in Heian (now Kyoto) • courtiers- a refined life; devoted to ceremonies and festivals • emperor’s power began to diminish; political rule fell into hands of powerful aristocrat family- Fujiwara • large aristocratic families set up estates on outskirts in hopes to challenge Fujiwara family

11. Japan Historical Background Feudal Japan • warrior nobility like Western Europe • Samurai or Daimyo- lords/highest class • MinamotoYoritomo became powerful shogun, chief general • trouble unifying Japan led to centuries of feudal warfare

12. Japan Historical Background Japan Shuts Out the World • 1600’s- Tokugawa shoguns created a peaceful society with a central government • new capital built in Edo (Tokyo) • Tokugawa felt threatened by European traders • 1639-closed Japan to world

13. Japan Historical Background Perry Opens the Door • 1853- United States fleet lead by Perry arrived in Edo to end Japanese isolation • 14 years later, Tokugawa shogunate ended • new emperor called reign Meiji (enlightened rule) • Japanese began to study western ways • Japan became a modern industrial nation by 1900

14. Japan Historical Background Japanese Religious Traditions

15. Chinese Literature Philosophy • Along with poetry, most popular genre • The Analects –Confucius • Tao TeChing- Lao Tzu

16. Chinese Literature Poetry

17. Chinese Literature Drama and Fiction

18. Japanese Literature Poetry

19. Japanese Literature Poetry Contests

20. Japanese Literature The Haiku

21. Japanese Literature Japanese Prose

22. Japanese Literature Japanese Drama