1 / 47

PLEASE LISTEN CAREFULLY

PLEASE LISTEN CAREFULLY. TUTORIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Carefully go through the tutorial, step by step. You may return to any section, as necessary.

roz
Télécharger la présentation

PLEASE LISTEN CAREFULLY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PLEASE LISTEN CAREFULLY TUTORIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Carefully go through the tutorial, step by step. You may return to any section, as necessary. Once you are satisfied that you understand the concepts and procedures, click CLOSE to get out of the tutorial mode. You will then be taken to the post-quiz. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  2. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (MEASURING GASSES) doubling the number of particles doubles the amount of gas in the sample and halving the number of particles halves the amount of gas that is present in the sample. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  3. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (MEASURING GASSES) Pressure is the force with which the gas particles bombard one unit of surface area of the container. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  4. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (MEASURING GASSES) At higher temperatures the average energy of the gas particles is greater and at lower temperatures the average energy of the gas particles is less. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  5. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (MEASURING GASSES) The volume of a gas is the volume of the container. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  6. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING GAS PROPERTIES) IDEAL GAS LAW PV = nRT CLICK TO CONTINUE

  7. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING GAS PROPERTIES) When the units of pressure and volume are, respectively, atmosphere and liter, R has a value of 0.082053 L atm . mol K

  8. (RELATING GAS PROPERTIES) When the units of pressure and volume are, respectively, torr and milliliter, R has a value of 62360.3 mL torr . mol K

  9. (RELATING GAS PROPERTIES) When the units of pressure and volume are, respectively, pascal and meters cubed R has a value of 8.3144 pa m3. mol K CLICK TO CONTINUE

  10. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING GAS PROPERTIES) R = PV nT CLICK TO CONTINUE

  11. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING PRESSURE, VOLUME) an increase in the gas pressure decreases the volume, and a decrease in gas pressure increases volume. This is called Boyle’s Law. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  12. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING AMOUNT, TEMPERATURE) an increase in the amount of gas is accompanied by a decrease in temperature, and a decrease in the amount of gas is accom-panied by an increase temperature. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  13. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING AMOUNT, PRESSURE) a larger gas sample will exert more pressure, a smaller gas sample will exert less pressure. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  14. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (PRESSURE OF GASEOUS MIXTURE) And so, a gas sample that is composed of CO(g) at two atmospheres, Ar(g) at three atmospheres and O2(g) at one atmosphere will have a total pressure of six atmospheres. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  15. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (PRESSURE OF GASEOUS MIXTURE) Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the gasses in the mixture. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  16. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING VOLUME, TEMPERATURE) a bigger volume of gas will have a higher temperature and a smaller volume of gas will have a lower tempera-ture. This is Charles’ Law. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  17. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING VOLUME, AMOUNT) a larger gas sample will occupy a larger volume, and a smaller gas sample will occupy a smaller volume. This is Avagadro’s Law. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  18. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE) an increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in gas pressure and a decrease in the temperature is accompanied by a decreases in gas pressure. This is Gay-Lussac’s Law. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  19. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (RELATING PRESSURE, VOLUME, TEMPERATURE) COMBINED GAS LAW: P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 CLICK TO CONTINUE

  20. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (GAS LAW CALCULATION) Example 1: A student prepares chlorine gas in the chemistry lab where the temperature is 20 oC, and collects it in a gas jar over water. On that day the atmospheric pressure is 0.997 atm. At 20 oC water has a vapor pressure of 17.5 torrs. What was the actual press- ure of the chlorine collected? CLICK TO CONTINUE

  21. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) The properties given are temperature (20 0C), atmospheric pressure (0.997 atm), water vapor pressure at 200 (17.5 torr). The property to be found is pressure of chlorine gas.

  22. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING THE SOLUTION) Ptot = P1 + P2 + P3 +… Ptot = Patm = Pchlorine + Pwater vapor 0.997 atm = Pchlorine + 17.5 torr Pchlorine = 0.997 atm - 17.5 torr CLICK TO CONTINUE

  23. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING THE SOLUTION) Ptot = P1 + P2 + P3 +… Ptot = Patm = Pchlorine + Pwater vapor Pchlorine = Patm - Pwater vapor = 0.997 atm - 17.5 torr CLICK TO CONTINUE

  24. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (UNIT CONVERSION, EVALUATION) 0.997 atm x 760 torrs 1 atm = 758 torrs Pchlorine = 758 torrs – 17.5 torrs = 740 torrs CLICK TO CONTINUE

  25. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (GAS LAW CALCULATION) Example 2: A sample of neon which occupies 40 mL at 800 torrs and 30 oC is transferred to another container in which it attains S.T.P. conditions. What is the volume of this new container? CLICK TO CONTINUE

  26. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) original volume (V1) = 40 mL final volume (V2): to be determined original pressure (P1) = 800 torrs final pressure (P2) = standard pressure = 760 torrs original temperature (T1) = 30 0Cfinal temperature (T2) = standard temperature = 25 0C CLICK TO CONTINUE

  27. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 CLICK TO CONTINUE

  28. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) When the final volume is determined, it will have the unit of the initial volume; the initial and final pressure units are both given in torrs; the temperature units are changed to Kelvin by adding 273:

  29. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (UNIT CONVERSION) 30 oC = (30 + 273) K = 303 K 25 oC = (25 + 273) K = 298 K 

  30. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING THE SOLUTION) P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 800 torrs x 40 mL = 760 torrs x V2 300 K 298 K V2 = 800 torrs x 40 mL x 298 K 300 K x 760 torrs CLICK TO CONTINUE

  31. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING THE SOLUTION) P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 V2 = P1V1T2 T1P2 = 800 torrs x 40 mL x 298 K 300 K x 760 torrs CLICK TO CONTINUE

  32. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (EVALUATION) V2 = 41.8 mL CLICK TO CONTINUE

  33. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (GAS LAW CALCULATION) Example 3: A pure sample of CO2 was collected and stored in a 2.5-liter flask on a day when the atmospheric pressure was one atmosphere. The next day when the temperature in the storage area was 27 oC the gas was at a pressure of 776 mm Hg. At what temperature was the gas originally collected? CLICK TO CONTINUE

  34. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) original volume (V1) = 2.5 L final volume (V2) = 2.5 L original pressure (P1) = 1.0 atm final pressure (P2) = 776 mm Hg original temperature (T1) = to be determined final temperature (T2) = 27 oC CLICK TO CONTINUE

  35. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) P1 = P2 T1 T2 CLICK TO CONTINUE

  36. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (UNIT CONVERSION) Initial pressure: 1.0 atm = 760 mm Hg Final temperature: 27 oC = (27 + 273) K = 300 K CLICK TO CONTINUE

  37. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING THE SOLUTION) EITHER 760 mm Hg = 776 mm Hg T1 300 K T1 = 760 mm Hg x 300 K 776 mm Hg OR T1 = P1T2 P2 T1 = 760 mm Hg x 300 K 776 mm Hg CLICK TO CONTINUE

  38. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (EVALUATION) T1 = 294 K T1 = (294 – 273) oC = 21 oC CLICK TO CONTINUE

  39. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (GAS LAW CALCULATION) Example 4: A pure sample of CO2 was collected at 299 K and stored in a 2.5-liter flask on a day when the atmospheric pressure was 1.04 atmosphere. How much carbon dioxide was collected? CLICK TO CONTINUE

  40. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) temperature of gas, T = 299 K volume of gas, V = 2.5 L pressure of gas, P = 1.04 atm amount of gas, n: to be determined Gas law: PV = nRT (IDEAL GAS LAW) CLICK TO CONTINUE

  41. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM) R = 0.082053 L atm mol K CLICK TO CONTINUE

  42. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING THE SOLUTION) EITHER 1.04 atm x 2.5 L = n x 0.082053 atm L x 299 K mol K n= 1.04 atm x 2.5 L 0.082053 atm L mol-1 K-1 x 299 K OR n= PV RT n= 1.04 atm x 2.5 L 0.082053 atm L mol-1 K-1 x 299 K CLICK TO CONTINUE

  43. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (EVALUATION) n = 0.106 mol CLICK TO CONTINUE

  44. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING, EVALUATION) mass of carbon dioxide = n x molar mass = 0.106 mol x 44.010 g/mol = 4.67 g CLICK TO CONTINUE

  45. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (FORMATING, EVALUATION) volume of carbon dioxide = n x molar volume at S.T.P. = 0.106 mol CO2 x 22.414 L/mol = 2.38 L CO2 at S.T.P. CLICK TO CONTINUE

  46. SUMMARY OF GAS LAWS END OF TUTORIAL CLICK TO CONTINUE

  47. RETURN TO TUTORIAL OR CLOSE AND GO TO POST-QUIZ

More Related