Economic Revolutions and Nationalism

1. Economic Revolutions and Nationalism Unit 4, Lesson 2

2. Essential Idea • New inventions and three economic revolutions created a new and NATIONAL economy.

3. Inventions and Innovations • Many inventions impacted each area of the country • Area Impacted: • North • Invention/Innovation: • Textile mills • Inventor: • Samuel Slater • Significance: • Slater was called the “Father of the Factory System” • Textile mills (factories) turned cotton from the South into manufactured cloth

4. Inventions and Innovations: North • Invention/Innovation: • Sewing machine • Inventor: • Elias Howe • Significance: • Helped turn manufactured cloth into clothing

5. Inventions and Innovations: North • Invention/Innovation: • Interchangeable parts • Inventor: • Eli Whitney • Significance: • Parts to manufactured products were made to be identical • PARTS of products could be replaced instead of the WHOLE product • FACTORIES were needed to mass produce interchangeable parts

6. Inventions and Innovations: North • Overall Impact on the North: • The North became industrialized, meaning their economy was based on the factory system

7. Inventions and Innovations: West • Area Impacted: • West • Invention/Innovation: • Steel plow • Inventor: • John Deere • Significance: • Farmers could plow larger pieces of land

8. Inventions and Innovations: West • Invention/Innovation: • Mechanical reaper • Significance: • Inventor: • Cyrus McCormick • Farmers could harvest larger pieces of land

9. Inventions and Innovations: West • Overall Impact on the West: • Many small farmers moved to the West to start larger farms • McCormick and Farming

10. Inventions and Innovations: South • Area Impacted: • South • Invention/Innovation: • Cotton Gin • Inventor: • Eli Whitney • Significance: • Cotton could be processed 50 times faster • Whitney THOUGHT the cotton gin would reduce the need for slaves

11. Inventions and Innovations: South • Overall Impact on the South: • Instead of dying out, slavery expanded drastically in the South • Southern economy was dependent on COTTON and SLAVERY • The South became known as the “Cotton Kingdom” • Impact of the Cotton Gin

13. Industrial Revolution: Causes • Cause 1: • Inventions and Innovations • Details: • Factories in the NORTH were needed to make cloth, clothing, interchangeable parts, steel plows, mechanical reapers, and cotton gins

14. Industrial Revolution: Causes • Cause 2: • Government policies • Details: • New laws made it easier to start corporations • Protective tariffs helped support growth of new businesses

15. Industrial Revolution: Causes • Cause 3: • Increased workforce • Details: • Immigrants, especially Irish, provided labor for factories • Many Americans in the rural North migrated to cities to work in factories

16. Industrial Revolution: Effects • Effects of the Industrial Revolution: • Effect 1: • North Industrializes • Detail: • Factories boomed in the North, not the South or West • Effect 2: • New Production Methods • Details: • Products were made by machines instead of by hand • Big factories replaced small home-based workshops

17. Industrial Revolution: Effects • Effect 3: • Urbanization • Detail: • Cities grew as people moved to go work in factories • Effect 4: • Creation of Unions • Detail: • Eventually, factory workers formed unions to demand better working conditions

18. Transportation Revolution: Telegraph • 1. Telegraph • Samuel Morse- developed the telegraph for sending messages over long distances • Information could be transported INSTANTLY, improving communication

19. Transportation Revolution: Roads • 2. Roads • National Road- first major interstate highway, over 600 miles long • Expanding roads connected western farms to cities

20. Transportation Revolution: Water Travel • 3. Steamboats and Canals • More products could be shipped faster on water • Steamboats: • Robert Fulton invented the steamboat, which could travel faster and go upstream • Robert Fulton’s Steamboat • Canals: • Canals were artificial rivers built to increase water transportation • Erie Canal- built in New York, connecting western farmers to cities • Canals

23. Transportation Revolution: Railroads • 4. Railroads • Railroads could transport faster, carry more, and go farther than either roads or canals • Railroads did the most to encourage westward expansion and settlement • The North and South would fight over where to build transcontinental railroad to the Pacific Ocean

24. Impact of Transportation Revolution • Impact of Transportation Revolution: • Increased trade between the North, West, and South • The strongest connection was between farms in the West and cities in the North • This also encouraged more settlement in the West

25. Economic Revolution: Market Revolution • The Market Revolution: • The North, West, and South specialized in products • Market Revolution- development of a NATIONAL economy based on trade between the North, West, and South • People were less self-sufficient, buying products from other areas

26. The Market Revolution • Area: • North • Products sent to West: • Steel plows, mechanical reapers, clothing • Products sent to South: • Cotton gins, clothing

27. The Market Revolution • Area: • West • Products sent to North: • Food- Corn, wheat, livestock • Products sent to South: • Food- Corn, wheat, livestock

28. The Market Revolution • Area: • South • Product sent to North: • Cotton for textile mills • Product sent to BRITAIN: • Cotton for textile mills • Why significant? • During the Civil War, Britain almost helped the South because they wanted southern cotton

30. Market Revolution • Inventions and Innovations: • Changed how North, West, and South produced • Industrial Revolution: • Factories in the North built new products • Transportation Revolution: • Helped North, West, and South trade • American System: • Government supported the new economy • Market Revolution: • A new and NATIONAL economy formed